Incidence of cancer in people living with HIV and prognostic value of current CD4+

Ebogo‐Belobo, Jean Thierry; Siméni, Luc-Aimé Kagoué; Nnouma, Gregoire Mbassa; Loubou, Mouhamadou Lawan; Abame, Idrissa; Hapi, Aurelie Tchuisseu; Ngalle, Sabine Dooh; Mbock, Sorelle Hemerode; Etame, Mireille Mpondi Ngole; Okobalemba, Etienne Atenguena

doi:10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.11.003

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, the HIV prevalence in Cameroon is estimated in a population whose age range is between 15 and 49 years, while the average age of our patients is 53.7 years. This mean age is significantly higher than that of Ebogo-Belobo et al in Cameroon for HIV positive cancer patients, who found him an average age of 36 years [8] . Such a difference is explained by the fact in the study by Ebogo-Belobo et al, the proportion of digestive cancer unrelated to HIV whose mean age of onset is generally greater than 50 years was only 3.77 % [8,11,12] .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…This mean age is significantly higher than that of Ebogo-Belobo et al in Cameroon for HIV positive cancer patients, who found him an average age of 36 years [8] . Such a difference is explained by the fact in the study by Ebogo-Belobo et al, the proportion of digestive cancer unrelated to HIV whose mean age of onset is generally greater than 50 years was only 3.77 % [8,11,12] . Clinically, the delay in diagnosing patients, which is also found in numerous studies in Africa [11][12][13][14] , calls into question their path, particularly in oncology, most having consulted in many health centers before the diagnosis was made.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…There is very little data in our community on socalled "non-HIV-related" cancers in patients infected with HIV. The available data mainly concern HIV-related cancers and gynecological cancers [8][9][10] . The aim of this study was to find the profile of patients with "non-HIV-related digestive tract cancer" in patients with HIV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of Patients with Digestive Tube Cancer Infected With HIV in Two Cancerology Centers in Cameroon

Nga¹,

W²,

A.M³

et al. 2021

ojgh

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a major public health problem in Africa, which alone recorded 71% of HIV / AIDS-related deaths in 2018. There is a link between the infection to HIV and the occurrence of certain cancers, in particular digestive cancers. Very little data in Africa, especially Cameroon, exists on the association between HIV and digestive cancers. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of HIV in patients with cancer of the digestive tract as well as the factors related to the prognosis of these patients in Cameroon. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study over a 10-year period from January 2010 to December 2019. It was carried out in the general hospitals of the cities of Douala and Yaoundé. We included records of patients with histologically confirmed gastrointestinal cancer. We excluded records of patients with lymphoma or Kaposi’s sarcoma. The data collected were socio-demographic, clinical and paraclinical data. Chi-square test was used to determine statistically significant associations for p <0.05. Results: We collected 294 files, among which 71 had positive HIV serology, either a prevalence of 24.15%. The average age of the patients was 53,7±13,6 years old. The sex ratio was 1.08. The main locations were the colon with 28.7% (N = 20) and the anus with 25.4% (N = 18). At the time of HIV diagnosis, the mean CD4 count at the time of HIV diagnosis was 413,2±189,3/mm3 and the mean viral load was 5129±2786,8copies/mm3. When diagnosed with cancer, the average CD4 count was 287,84±101,7/mm3 and the average viral load was 25385,5±19784,3/mm3. The anal location (p = 0.003), the necrotic appearance (p = 0.001), the poorly differentiated character (p = 0.02) of the tumors and the death of the patients (p = 0.000) were statistically linked to positive HIV serology. Factors associated with the prognosis of HIV positive patients were CD4 count <200 / mm3 (p = 0.002) and the existence of metastases (p = 0.04) Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV in patients with cancer of the digestive tract is 24.15%. The anal location, the necrotic appearance and the undifferentiated nature of the tumors are related to positive HIV serology. Prognostic factors are a CD4 count <200 / mm3 and the existence of metastases.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

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Profile of Patients with Digestive Tube Cancer Infected With HIV in Two Cancerology Centers in Cameroon

Nga¹,

W²,

A.M³

et al. 2021

ojgh

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“…The presence, number, and functionality of CD4 T cells are important in multiple steps of the oncogenic pathway, including recognition of tumor antigens, development of effective neutralizing antibody, and cellular responses to viral pathogens, and clearance of premalignant lesions. The risk of many HIV-associated malignancies decreases with improved CD4 count on ART (9, 12, 36–39) and cancer-specific mortality correlates inversely with CD4 count (12, 40). The link between reduced CD4 count and elevated cancer risk is profound in KS and NHL (41–43), but also present in other malignancies (37).…”

Section: Oncogenesis In the Setting Of Hiv-induced Immune Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy in People With HIV and Cancer

2019

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HIV infection alters the natural history of several cancers, in large part due to its effect on the immune system. Immune function in people living with HIV may vary from normal to highly dysfunctional and is largely dependent on the timing of initiation (and continuation) of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). An individual's level of immune function in turn affects their cancer risk, management, and outcomes. HIV-associated lymphocytopenia and immune dysregulation permit immune evasion of oncogenic viruses and premalignant lesions and are associated with inferior outcomes in people with established cancers. Various types of immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibodies, interferon, cytokines, immunomodulatory drugs, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and most importantly ART have shown efficacy in HIV-related cancer. Emerging data suggest that checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can be safe and effective in people with HIV and cancer. Furthermore, some cancer immunotherapies may also affect HIV persistence by influencing HIV latency and HIV-specific immunity. Studying immunotherapy in people with HIV and cancer will advance clinical care of all people living with HIV and presents a unique opportunity to gain insight into mechanisms for HIV eradication.

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“…HIV causes progressive immune suppression of affected individuals targeting T-Helper cells leading to decreased CD4 counts. CD4 count < 200 is diagnostic of AIDS [25] . Screening of CD4 counts is an effective way to check the progression of HIV and treatment response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of cervical cytological changes in HIV patients

Bhattacharjee¹,

Khadke²

2021

Int. J. Clin. Diagn. Pathol.

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Patients with HIV have an increased incidence of abnormal cervical cytological changes. This casecontrol study (30 cases, 30 controls) was aimed at demonstrating these findings. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic pre-menopausal women of 20-50 years were included in the study. Conventional Pap smears were taken and examined by cytopathologists. HIV cases had more incidence of abnormal cervical cytology (13 cases, 43.33%) than their sero-negative counterparts (5 cases, 16.67%).Out of the 13 cases, 2(6.66%) had LSIL and 1(3.33%) was with ASC-US, specific infections with coccobacilli, T. vaginalis and Candida was found in a total of 5 samples (16.67%) against only 1 t. vaginalis infection (3.33%) in the control group. Reparative changes (squamous metaplasia) was seen in 5 cases (16.67%) of the HIV positive group and in 2 cases (6.66%) in the control group. There was no case of malignancy in the HIV positive group, in contrast to the HIV negative control group which presented a single case of malignancy and another case of HSIL. The study showed that HIV infection was associated with an increased incidence of opportunistic infections along with dysplasias of the cervix. The cases with Dysplasia should be followed up to screen for malignant transformation.

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Incidence of cancer in people living with HIV and prognostic value of current CD4+

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Profile of Patients with Digestive Tube Cancer Infected With HIV in Two Cancerology Centers in Cameroon

Profile of Patients with Digestive Tube Cancer Infected With HIV in Two Cancerology Centers in Cameroon

Immunotherapy in People With HIV and Cancer

Study of cervical cytological changes in HIV patients

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