Incidence of Alarming Microbial Pathogens over Refuse Dump Sites and Its ‘Harmful Distance’ in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria

Nrior, Renner Renner; Dumbor, Korobe Peter

doi:10.9734/jsrr/2019/v23i330124

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Based on Figures 1 and 2, there is an indication of seasonal influence in the distribution of fungi aerosols around the market The findings of this study agree with previous report that indicates that fungi density in air is higher in dry season compared to wet season [4,7]. The wet season (characterized by low temperature and high relative humidity) enhances sporulation and subsequent release in the dry season (that is characterized by higher temperature and low relative humidity).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Based on Figures 3,4,5,6, the isolates recorded in this study have been widely reported in different environments including dumpsite [4,6,7], University environment (Cafiteria, Toilets, Laboratory and laboratory preparatory rooms) [2], health centres [9,17]. Studies have shown that Aspergillus species has the highest frequency in the ambient environment [2,6,7,17]. This corresponds with findings of this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Seasonal Variation in Mycological Quality of Air Environment Around a Major Market Along East-West Road in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Richard¹,

Aseibai²

2021

IJHMS

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The distribution of bio-aerosols in diverse environments is a major concern to aero-microbiologists and environmentalists in general. The study evaluated the mycological quality of the air environment around a market along East-West road in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Petri dish containing sterile Potatoes dextrose agar was exposed for 10 minutes around a market along East-West road in Bayelsa state at a height of 1 meter. The density and diversity of the isolates were determined following standard mycological procedures. The density of the fungi–aerosols ranged from 0.0073 - 0.0268 CFU/min-m2 and was statistical higher in dry (November, January and March) compared to wet (May, July and September) seasons, an indication of seasonal influence. A total of 11 fungi species were recorded with 5 predominant species viz Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium chlamydosporum and Penicillium species (occurring in ≥66.67% of the study months), while 6 species, Aspergillus lentulus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Microsporum canis and Mucor species are opportunistic occurring in ≤50% of the study months). Most fungi species are found in the soil, and are known to produce toxins and cause diseases. There is need for a concerted effort by local government authorities via its agencies to sensitize people on proper hygiene practices around markets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Seasonal Variation in Mycological Quality of Air Environment Around a Major Market Along East-West Road in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Richard¹,

Aseibai²

2021

IJHMS

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“…The sedimentation method previously described by Nrior and Dumbor [7], was adopted for this study. Triplicate samples of petri dish containing sterile Potatoes dextrose agar was exposed to the air environment at 1m height for 10 minutes.…”

Section: Collection Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agar plates exposed to the market environment for 10 minutes were incubated at 30ºC for 5 days [4]. The colonies were counted and expressed as colony forming units (CFU)/min-m 2 as described by Nrior and Dumbor [7], and the fungi was sub-cultured into pure culture.…”

Section: Examination Of the Fungi Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence there is every tendency that cross contamination of pathogens may occur between vendors, their buyers and the goods itself. Studies have been widely carried out showing microbial air contaminants in diverse environments including smallholder gari processing facility [3], waste dump [4,[6][7][8][9][10], around a University campus in Nigeria [2], but information of microbial air contaminants in public places like market and highway is scanty in literature. Therefore, this study focused on seasonality in fungi-aerosol around a major market along East-West road in Bayelsa State, Nigeria…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Prevalence of Malaria and Typhoid Fever among Apparently Healthy Undergraduates

Oshiokhayamhe¹,

Nnaemeka²,

Israel³

et al. 2021

IJHMS

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Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a type of unicellular microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. Commonly, the disease is transmitted via a bite from an infected female Anopheles mosquito, which introduces the organisms from its saliva into a person’s circulatory system. In the blood, the protists travel to the liver to mature and reproduce. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever and headache which in severe cases can progress to coma or death. The disease is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions in a broadband around the equator, including much of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americans Five species of Plasmodium can infect and be transmitted by humans. The vast majority of deaths are caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, while Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae cause a generally milder form of malaria that is rarely fatal. The result showed that prevalence of typhoid fever in both male and female are 9 (%) and 21 (21%) respectively. The distribution of this result was statistically significant (p<0.05; X2=4.745). The result showed that prevalence of typhoid fever in both male and female are 6 (6%) and 4 (4%) respectively. The distribution of this result was not statistically significant (p>0.05; X2=0.105). The result showed that prevalence of the co-infection in both male and female are 3 (3%) and 2 (2%) respectively. The distribution of this result was not statistically significant (p>0.05; X2=0.205). The result showed that co-infection was negatively correlated with typhoid fever in both male (r=-0.055) and female (r=-0.074) subjects. Also co infection was negatively correlated with malaria for male subjects (r=-0.044) while it is positively correlated with the female subjects (r=0.335). Similarly typhoid fever was negatively correlated with malaria in both male (r=-0.079) and females (r=-0.105) subjects. Conclusively, the results in this study showed that the prevalence of malaria and typhoid co-infections are low which means the no association was found between malaria and typhoid fever infections within the study area. Hence one cannot actually say that malaria may predispose to typhoid fever. Also cross reacting antigens are widely distributed in the microbial world and since there will always be repeated exposures to salmonella species in endemic regions, increased efforts should be made to find a better, more rapid, sensitive and specific clinical and cultural methods.

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Microbiological Assessment of Used Face Masks in Port Harcourt Secondary Schools in COVID-19 Era

Nrior

Egbuchelem

Dike

2022

MRJI

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Aim: This study was aimed at identifying bacterial and fungal contaminations in used face masks from different secondary schools in Port Harcourt during COVID-19 Era Study Design: The study employs statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: Five Secondary Schools–Three public schools: Federal Government College Rumuokoro; Rumueme and Rumuokuta Girls’ Secondary Schools; Two Private Schools: Solid Steps and Istan Secondary Schools; all located in the city of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. Sample collection lasted for a week and the analysis lasted for six months. Methodology: The research study was facilitated through Laboratory analysis and the use of questionnaire to get the age and sex from the school children. A total of 25 used face masks samples were collected from school children between ages of 12-18years and they were examined microbiologically. Sterile swab sticks soaked in sterile nutrient broth were employed to swab the inner surface area of the used face mask of circular diameter 10 cm. The swabbed samples were dipped and shaken in 9ml of sterile saline water for 1-3 minutes to dislodge the organisms; the mixture was then diluted through a ten-fold serial dilution, after which an aliquot of 0.1ml were inoculated unto Nutrient Agar (dilution used 10-6, incubated at 370C for 24h), Mac Conkey Agar (dilution used 10-3, incubated at 44±0.20C for 24-48h) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (dilution used 10-3; incubated at 370C for 5-7 days). Frequency evaluation and identification of isolates were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Results: The entire face masks sampled were found contaminated with microorganisms. The Microbial load (Log10 CFU/cm2;) and Percentage (%) occurrence of bacterial isolates from used facemask were; Bacillus spp (6.10±2.13)(30.81) > Staphylococcus auerus (3.89±3.01)(19.57%) > Proteus spp (2.25±2.45)(11.35) > Paenibacillus spp (1.55±2.52)(7.82) > Escherichia coli (0.36±0.81)(1.82) while fungal isolates were Aspergillus spp (2.20±0.55)(11.09) > Mucor spp (2.19±0.96)(11.04) > Penicillum spp (1.29±0.61)(6.51). The contaminated used face masks with microorganism were highest in school children of ages 16-18years (72%) and the lowest occurred in children of 12-14years of age (12%). Conclusion: The presence of potential pathogen such as Staphylococcus auerus, Bacillus spp etc. are of public health significance. It is therefore recommended that crowd should be controlled in such environments with high bacterial and fungal load such as schools and COVID-19 protocols duly observed.

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Incidence of Alarming Microbial Pathogens over Refuse Dump Sites and Its ‘Harmful Distance’ in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Seasonal Variation in Mycological Quality of Air Environment Around a Major Market Along East-West Road in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Seasonal Variation in Mycological Quality of Air Environment Around a Major Market Along East-West Road in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Assessment of the Prevalence of Malaria and Typhoid Fever among Apparently Healthy Undergraduates

Microbiological Assessment of Used Face Masks in Port Harcourt Secondary Schools in COVID-19 Era

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