Incidence and risk factors of vascular complications in people with impaired fasting glucose: a national cohort study in Korea

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the risk of vascular complications of impaired fasting glucose (IFG). This population-based study included 425,608 participants from the National Health Screening Cohort in Korea in 2003 and 2004 who were followed-up until 2015. The participants were classified into normal, IFG, and diabetes groups based on fasting plasma glucose levels. Incidence rate (per 1000 person-year) was evaluated for the following vascular complications: cardiovascular (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, arterial and capillary disease), renal, and retinal diseases. Hazard ratios (HR) of IFG for diabetes were estimated after adjusting for patient characteristics. Among the 88,330 IFG participants, the incidence of cardiovascular, chronic renal and retinal diseases were 11.52, 0.47, and 1.08 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Furthermore, IFG patients with a family history of diabetes, past history of hypertension, and high body mass index had significantly increased risk of vascular complications [adjusted HR, cardiovascular: 1.39 (95% CI 1.33–1.46); renal: 2.17 (95% CI 1.66–2.83); and retinal: 1.14 (95% CI 0.98–1.32)]. IFG patients have a substantial risk of cardiovascular, chronic renal and retinal diseases. Therefore, early preventative interventions are beneficial, especially for those with high-risk factors, in whom should emphasize on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, early screening and continuous follow-up.

Diabetes Mellitus Control and Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Prevention of CKD and diabetes can only be done by managing the disease at impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and prediabetes levels. Impaired fasting blood sugar (IFG) is a pre-diabetic condition linked to a relatively elevated probability of developing diabetes2 (Yu et al, 2020). Early identification of prediabetes and individualised therapy are required to effectively manage this steadily increasing diabetic population.…”

“…Early identification of prediabetes and individualised therapy are required to effectively manage this steadily increasing diabetic population. IFG is a significant indicator of diabetes and its comorbidities (Yu et al, 2020). Consistently high blood sugar levels can cause heart problems, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and increased https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajcp Am.…”

Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in the Persons with Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus in the Population Sample of the Russian Federation

“…Nevertheless, the results of prospective studies can serve as indirect evidence in favor of the adverse effect of prediabetes on the state of both the arterial wall as a whole and the severity of atherosclerotic changes in it [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. So, in a recent national cohort study in Korea, with a 12-year prospective observation, it was shown that the DM group showed the highest incidence and risk of vascular complications (cardiovascular, renal; and retinal), followed by the IFG group and the lowest risk was in group of normoglycemia [ 32 ]. It is clear that partly the intermediate risk of vascular complications in the prediabetes group could be associated with subsequent development of diabetes.…”