Inbreeding avoidance and male-biased natal dispersal in Antechinus spp. (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)

Cockburn, Andrew; Scott, Michelle Pellissier; Scotts, David

doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(85)80025-7

Cited by 191 publications

(131 citation statements)

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“…The following sources were used as the basis for parameter estimation (superscript 'A' denotes a source used for A. agilis, and 'R' denotes one used for R. fuscipes). Adult death rate: Wood (1970) A; Wood (1971) R ; Cockburn et al (1985) A ; Press (1987) R ; Robinson (1987) R. Newborn death rate: these were set at 0.5 for A. agilis and 0.7 for R. fuscipes so that growth rate, R, would be greater than 1 in optimal years. Number of juvenile age classes (a reflection of age at sexual maturity): Taylor (1961) Cockburn (1994) A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. stuartii is scansorial, foraging on the sides of tree trunks, on the ground, and nesting in tree hollows (Warneke 1971;Cockburn 1994;Strahan 1995;Sutherland and Predavec 1999). Individuals become sexually mature within their first year, and females produce a single litter over the summer breeding season (Cockburn et al 1985;Cockburn 1994). The sex ratio at birth is close to parity (Wood 1970;Cockburn 1994); however, sex ratio does vary among populations (Cockburn 1994).…”

Section: The Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are generally 7-10 newborns per litter (Wood 1970;Barnett et al 1977;Cockburn et al 1983;Wilson et al 1986;Dickman 1989). All males die after their first year and very few females live to breed a second year (Wood 1970;Cockburn et al 1985;Wilson et al 1986). Densities of A. stuartii vary considerably among habitats and over time, with densities recorded at 1-2 ha −1 in eucalypt forest (Dickman 1980), 1-3 ha −1 in rainforest/wet open forest (Barnett et al 1977), 7 ha −1 in rainforest (Wood 1970), and 21 ha −1 in heath (Wilson et al 1986).…”

Section: The Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For 25% dispersal, we allowed for both migration (radial dispersal with mortality) and diffusion (directed dispersal along corridors without mortality). Higher levels of dispersal were not studied because females of both species have high site fidelity, with males being the most active dispersers (Wood 1970(Wood , 1971Warneke 1971;Greenwood 1980;Cockburn et al 1985;Robinson 1987). We allowed for two levels of environmental variation, measured as the standard deviation in the normally distributed yearly habitat quality value.…”

Section: Parameter Settings and Modelling Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While neither species is threatened with extinction, fragmentation of native forest can lead to their local decline (Barnett et al 1977;Suckling and Heislers 1978;Bennett 1987;Dunstan and Fox 1996), and extensive habitat fragmentation has occurred in the chosen study region near Tumut, New South Wales, Australia. Although PVA is often applied to rare organisms for which few data are available, a wealth of published literature exists for A. agilis (or its closely related congener Antechinus stuartii), and R. fuscipes (Taylor 1961;Wood 1970;Warneke 1971;Wood 1971;Barnett et al 1977;Cockburn et al 1983Cockburn et al , 1985Wilson et al 1986;Robinson 1987;Dickman 1989;Cockburn 1994;Sutherland and Predavec 1999). predict which patches were occupied. Important differences between VORTEX and ALEX justify a comparison of model performance using the same data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lindenmayer

Possingham

2003

Biodiversity and Conservation

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This study examines the predictive accuracy of the population viability analysis package, ALEX (Analysis of the Likelihood of EXtinction). ALEX was used to predict the probability of patch occupancy for two species of small native Australian mammals (Antechinus agilis and Rattus fuscipes) among 13 patches of suitable habitat in a matrix of plantation pines (Pinus radiata). The study was retrospective, running each simulation from 1900 until 1997, and the model parameterised without knowledge of the 1997 observed field data of patch occupancy. Predictions were made over eight scenarios for each species, allowing for variation in the amount of dispersal between patches, level of environmental stochasticity, and size of habitat patches. Predicted occupancies were compared to the 1997 field data of patch occupancy using logistic regression, testing H r a n d o m , that there was no relationship between observed and predicted occupancy, and H p e r f e c t , that there was a perfect, 1:1 relationship between observed and predicted occupancies. Rejection of H random and failure to reject H perfect was taken as a good match between observed and predicted occupancies. Such a match was found for one scenario with R. fuscipes, and no scenarios with A. agilis. In general, patch occupancy was underestimated, with field surveys finding that 9 of the 13 patches were occupied by R. fuscipes and 10 by A. agilis. Nonetheless, PVA predictions were in the 'right direction', whereby patches predicted to have a high probability of occupancy were generally occupied, and vice versa. A post hoc search over additional scenarios found few scenarios with a better match than the original eight. The results of this study support the notion that PVA is best thought of as a relative, rather than absolute predictor of the consequences of management actions in threatened populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameter Settings and Modelling Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lindenmayer

Possingham

2003

Biodiversity and Conservation

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DNA fingerprinting to determine paternity in laboratory rat sperm competition experiments

et al. 1995

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DNA fingerprinting to determine paternity in laboratory rat sperm competition experimentsPrior to this study a significant amount of research had been undertaken in the field of sperm competition in mammals. However, males of different strains have been required in each of these studies to enable paternity assignment through gene expression, which has consequently resulted in problems with differential fertilising capacity being encountered. In this study paternity assignment of progeny from sperm competition experiments with Sprague Dawley rats was achieved by multilocus DNA fingerprinting using band locus matching of individual specific banding patterns between progeny and parents. Trials with 4 restriction enzymes and 5 digoxygenin labelled probes (4 oligonucleotide and 1 cloned) achieved the highest levels of DNA fingerprint heterozygosity using AluI(CAC)' and HinfI (CAC)' combinations; however, paternity could not be determined in all offspring, due to a higher than expected degree of inbreeding within the rat population used in this study. This was demonstrated in subsequent comparisons of genetic diversity of three laboratory rat breeding populations from two different animal breeding facilities. Data from the rat mating study showed that, under conditions of direct sperm competition, second males given access to a mated oestrus female either 0.5 or 6.0 h after the first mating consistently required less time than the first to ejaculate: 7.6 min vs. 19.5 min (0.5 h delay); 7.8 min vs. 19.5 min (6.0 h delay). A second male siring advantage was identified using DNA fingerprinting in both delay groups for those offspring on which paternity could be determined: 0.5 h delay, 1st = 39%, 2nd = 61%; 6 h delay, 1st = 34%, 2nd = 66%.

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Informative enzyme/probe combinations for the multilocus DNA fingerprinting of marsupials

et al. 1997

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DNA fingerprinting has become an invaluable tool in the study of population genetics, paternity success, and individual identification; however, the species specificity of some methods has made the wide-range screening of many different species very time-consuming. In this study we describe the development and application of reliable and informative DNA fingerprinting techniques in a range of marsupial species using three different restriction enzyme and two oligonucleotide probe combinations. Six species from four marsupial families, the koala (Phascolarctidae), tammar wallaby (Macropodidae), southern hairy-nosed wombat (Vombatidae), kowari, and dusky and brown marsupial mice (Dasyuridae) were examined. Restriction enzymes HinfI AluI and HaeIII were used in combination with the digoxygenin (DIG)-labelled oligonucleotide probes (CAC)5 and (GGAT)4. The combinations of HinfI/(GGAT)4, AluI/ (CAC)5 and AluI/(GGAT)4 were the most informative, providing highly resolved bands, low background, and the lowest band sharing between individuals. The genetic diversity evident within the different species showed a clear relationship between the level of band sharing and population size. The greatest levels of band sharing were found in the kowaris (80%), which were part of a long-term captive colony originating from a few founders, and the lowest levels of band sharing were found in the marsupial mice (30-35%) and tammar wallaby (45%), which were caught from large outbred wild populations.

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Inbreeding avoidance and male-biased natal dispersal in Antechinus spp. (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)

Cited by 191 publications

References 29 publications

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DNA fingerprinting to determine paternity in laboratory rat sperm competition experiments

Informative enzyme/probe combinations for the multilocus DNA fingerprinting of marsupials

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