Inactivation of the Prelimbic Cortex Attenuates Context-Dependent Operant Responding

Trask, Sydney; Shipman, Megan L.; Green, John T.; Bouton, Mark E.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3361-16.2017

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Fewer studies have examined the neural basis of renewal in appetitive Pavlovian learning paradigms (Chaudhri et al, 2013;Anderson and Petrovich, 2017;Anderson and Petrovich, 2018b;Villaruel et al, 2018), and only a handful of studies have directly compared neural processes underlying ABA, AAB, and ABC renewal. Trask et al (2017) showed that pharmacological inactivation of the prelimbic cortex attenuated ABA renewal of operant responding for sucrose pellets; however, the same manipulation had no effect on ABC renewal in the same rats. In another study, Campese and Delamater (2013) found that pharmacological inactivation or lesions of the dorsal hippocampus had no effect on ABA or ABC renewal of Pavlovian responding to a cue that predicted food pellets (Campese and Delamater, 2013).…”

Section: Theoretical Methodological and Clinical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparing ABA, AAB, and ABC Renewal of Appetitive Pavlovian Conditioned Responding in Alcohol- and Sucrose-Trained Male Rats

Khoo

Sciascia

Brown

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Conditioned responding can be renewed by re-exposure to the conditioning context following extinction in a different context (ABA renewal) or by removal from the extinction context (AAB or ABC renewal). ABA renewal is robust in Pavlovian and operant conditioning paradigms. However, fewer studies have investigated AAB and ABC renewal of appetitive conditioning, and those that did predominantly used operant conditioning tasks. Renewal has theoretical relevance for extinction and for exposurebased treatments for substance use disorders that aim to extinguish reactivity to drug-predictive cues. We therefore investigated ABA, AAB, and ABC renewal of Pavlovian conditioned responding to cues that predicted either alcohol or sucrose. Male, Long-Evans rats (Charles River) were exposed to either 15% ethanol (Study 1: "alcohol") or 10% sucrose (Study 2: "sucrose") in their home cages. Next, they were trained to discriminate between two auditory stimuli (white noise and clicker; 10 s) in conditioning chambers equipped with distinct olfactory, visual, and tactile contextual stimuli (context A). One conditioned stimulus (CS+) was paired with fluid delivery (0.2 ml/CS+; 3.2 ml/session; alcohol or sucrose in separate experiments), and the second CS (CS−) was not. In all sessions (conditioning, extinction, and test), each CS was presented 16 times/session on a variable-time 67-s schedule, and entries into the fluid port were recorded. CS+ port entries were then extinguished by withholding fluid delivery either in context A or in a second, different context (context B). Next, we assessed ABA, AAB, and ABC renewal in the absence of fluid delivery. During extinction, CS+ port entries were initially elevated in context A relative to context B. ABA renewal of CS+ port entries occurred in both alcohol-and sucrose-trained rats. ABC renewal approached statistical significance when data from both experiments were combined. No AAB renewal was observed, and, in fact, alcohol-trained rats showed AAB suppression. These results corroborate the reliability of ABA renewal and suggest that ABC renewal is a modest effect that may require greater statistical power to detect. From a treatment perspective, the lack of AAB renewal suggests that exposure-based treatments for substance use disorders might benefit from implementation in real-world, drug-use contexts.

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Section: Theoretical Methodological and Clinical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparing ABA, AAB, and ABC Renewal of Appetitive Pavlovian Conditioned Responding in Alcohol- and Sucrose-Trained Male Rats

Khoo

Sciascia

Brown

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…In ABC renewal, testing occurs in Context C after conditioning and extinction have been conducted in A and B, respectively; in AAB renewal, testing occurs in Context B after conditioning and extinction have both occurred in Context A. Recent work in my laboratory suggests that all three forms of renewal do indeed occur after extinction of instrumental responding reinforced with food pellet reinforcers (Bouton, Vurbic, Todd, & Winterbauer, 2011; Todd, 2013; Todd, Winterbauer, & Bouton, 2012; Trask, Shipman, Green, & Bouton, 2017). Nakajima (2014) has also reported all three forms in an active shuttle-avoidance paradigm.…”

Section: Contextual Control Of Instrumental Extinction and Other Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occasion setting concept is illustrated in Links 2 and 5 of Figure 1. It is notable that research in the 1980s and 1990s suggested the role of occasion setting by context in the control of Pavlovian extinction, where the idea is that contexts enable or retrieve CS-US relations, e.g., Context➜(S-O) (see Trask et al, 2017). We know that contexts can operate in an occasion-setting way in instrumental learning under some conditions.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Contextual Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinction of instrumental (operant) learning: interference, varieties of context, and mechanisms of contextual control

Bouton

2018

Psychopharmacology

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This article reviews recent research on the extinction of instrumental (or operant) conditioning from the perspective that it is an example of a general retroactive interference process. Previous discussions of interference have focused primarily on findings from Pavlovian conditioning. The present review shows that extinction in instrumental learning has much in common with other examples of retroactive interference in instrumental learning (e.g., omission learning, punishment, second-outcome learning, discrimination reversal learning, and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior). In each, the original learning can be largely retained after conflicting information is learned, and behavior is cued or controlled by the current context. The review also suggests that a variety of stimuli can play the role of context, including room and apparatus cues, temporal cues, drug state, deprivation state, stress state, and recent reinforcers, discrete cues, or behaviors. In instrumental learning situations, the context can control behavior through its direct association with the reinforcer or punisher, through its hierarchical relation with response-outcome associations, or its direct association (inhibitory or excitatory) with the response. In simple instrumental extinction and habit learning, the latter mechanism may play an especially important role.

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“…Interestingly, PL inactivation had no effect on renewal triggered by exposure to a novel context, following conditioning and extinction in separate, distinct contexts (ABC renewal), suggesting more specifically that the PL cortex may control instrumental behaviour that is guided by the conditioning context (Trask et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In one such model, instrumental conditioning and test are conducted in the same context, whereas extinction is conducted in a second, distinct context (ABA renewal). Studies with non-drug or drug reinforcers indicate that functional inactivation of the PL cortex attenuated ABA renewal of instrumental behaviour (Eddy et al, 2016;Fuchs et al, 2005;Palombo et al, 2017;Trask et al, 2017a;Willcocks and McNally, 2013), suggesting that this region is required for controlling instrumental behaviour that is guided by contextual stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medial prefrontal cortex is required for responding to alcohol-predictive cues but only in the absence of alcohol delivery

et al. 2019

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The medial prefrontal cortex is required for responding to alcohol-predictive cues but only in the absence of alcohol delivery. Journal of Psychopharmacology. AbstractBackground: The prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex is implicated in promoting drug-seeking in relapse tests. However, drug-seeking behaviour is typically extinguished before a test and tests normally occur without drug delivery. Aims:We investigated the involvement of the prelimbic and the infralimbic cortex in responding elicited by a non-extinguished cue for alcohol that was presented without alcohol in an alcohol-associated context or a neutral context, and in responding to the same cue when it was paired with alcohol. Methods:Male, Long-Evans rats (220-240 g on arrival) were acclimated to 15% ethanol (v/v; 'alcohol') and then trained to associate a conditioned stimulus (10 s white noise; 15 trials/session) with alcohol delivery into a fluid port (0.2 mL/conditioned stimulus, 3 mL per session) for oral intake. Conditioning sessions occurred in a specific 'alcohol context' and were alternated daily with exposure to a second 'neutral' context that contained neither the conditioned stimulus nor alcohol. Results:At test, functional prelimbic cortex inactivation using baclofen/muscimol reduced fluid port entries elicited by a non-extinguished conditioned stimulus that was presented without alcohol, but had no subsequent impact on port entries when the conditioned stimulus was paired with alcohol. Similar results were obtained following infralimbic cortex inactivation; however, infralimbic cortex inactivation also non-specifically reduced port entries in the absence of alcohol. Conclusions:These data indicate that the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex are involved in responding to cues for alcohol

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Inactivation of the Prelimbic Cortex Attenuates Context-Dependent Operant Responding

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Comparing ABA, AAB, and ABC Renewal of Appetitive Pavlovian Conditioned Responding in Alcohol- and Sucrose-Trained Male Rats

Comparing ABA, AAB, and ABC Renewal of Appetitive Pavlovian Conditioned Responding in Alcohol- and Sucrose-Trained Male Rats

Extinction of instrumental (operant) learning: interference, varieties of context, and mechanisms of contextual control

The medial prefrontal cortex is required for responding to alcohol-predictive cues but only in the absence of alcohol delivery

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