Inactivation of Nondesiccated and Desiccated Cronobacter sakazakii in Reconstituted Infant Formula by Combination of Citral and Mild Heat

Shi, Chao; Jia, Zhenyuan; Sun, Yi; Chen, Yifei; Guo, Du; Liu, Zhiyuan; Wen, Qing‐Hui; Xiao, Guo; Ma, Linlin; Yang, Baowei; Baloch, Allah Bux; Xia, Xiaodong

doi:10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-451

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The vacuum packaging had the greatest impact on reducing the stress resistance of C. sakazakii , whereas desiccation without 10-day storage had the least impact. Our previous study demonstrated that desiccation stress significantly decreased the heat resistance of C. sakazakii in reconstituted infant formula (Shi et al, 2017). On the contrary, Chen and Jiang (2017) found that desiccated Salmonella cells in poultry litter showed enhanced heat resistance as compared to non-desiccated cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival and Environmental Stress Resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii Exposed to Vacuum or Air Packaging and Stored at Different Temperatures

Bai

Guo

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of Cronobacter sakazakii exposed to vacuum or air packaging, then stored at 4, 10, or 25°C, and the environmental stress resistance of vacuum-packaged or air-packaged bacterial cells were determined by subjecting the cells to reconstituted infant formula at 50°C, in acid (simulated gastric fluid, pH = 3.5), and in bile salt [bile salt solution, 5% (wt/vol)]. A cocktail culture of C. sakazakii desiccated on the bottom of sterile petri plates was air-packaged or vacuum-packaged and then stored at 4, 10, or 25°C for 10 days. The viable cell populations during storage were examined, and the vacuum-packaged and air-packaged cells (stored at 10°C for 4 days) were subsequently exposed to heat, acid, or bile salt. The results show that the populations of vacuum-packaged and air-packaged C. sakazakii were reduced by 1.6 and 0.9 log colony-forming units (CFU)/ml at 4°C and by 1.6 and 1.3 log CFU/ml at 25°C, respectively, in 10 days. At 10°C, significant reductions of 3.1 and 2.4 log CFU/ml were observed for vacuum-packaged and air-packaged cells, respectively. Vacuum packaging followed by storage at 10°C for 4 days caused significant decreases in the resistance of C. sakazakii to heat, acid, and bile salt conditions compared with air packaging. These results suggest that the application of vacuum packaging for powdered infant formula could be useful to minimize the risk of C. sakazakii .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, C. sakazakii is reported to be significantly more thermotolerant (Amalaradjou and Venkitanarayanan, 2011). This feature represents a competitive advantage, facilitating its survival during improper PIF reconstitution (Shi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and Environmental Stress Resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii Exposed to Vacuum or Air Packaging and Stored at Different Temperatures

Bai

Guo

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Most in vitro antimicrobial activity assays are performed with microorganisms grown under optimal laboratory conditions (Shi et al 2017), which further needs their evaluation in real food system as different components of food may interact and affect the biological activities of test compounds. Another important factor likely to affect in situ efficacy of antimicrobial compound is the physiological state of target organism as food borne pathogens are exposed to a myriad of stresses during processing (Bouarab Chibane et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, to ensure microbial safety, FAO/ WHO (2006) and WHO (2007) recommended reconstitution of PIF with water that is no cooler than 70°C. However, thermal processing during manufacturing and use of hot water (~70°C) for reconstitution may deteriorate the organoleptic and nutritional properties of PIF (Agostini et al 2004;Shi et al 2015Shi et al , 2017. Moreover, parents and caregivers do not strictly adhere to recommended guidelines, leading to reconstitution of PIF at a temperature which might favour the growth of Cronobacter (Chap et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate analysis of adaptive response to ferulic acid and p ‐coumaric acid after physiological stresses in Cronobacter sakazakii

et al. 2021

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Aim: The present study demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid against unstressed and stressed (cold stressed, starved and desiccated) Cronobacter sakazakii in laboratory media (37°C) and reconstituted powdered infant formulation (PIF) with mild heat treatment (50°C). Methods and results: Five phenolics, namely, quercetin, rutin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, were tested for antimicrobial activities against five strains of C. sakazakii either unstressed or stressed. Strain specific higher resistance to ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid was observed after stress adaptation in laboratory media. The effect of cross protection was validated using reconstituted PIF as delivery vehicle of selected compounds. Both pcoumaric acid and ferulic acid showed inhibition of C. sakazakii in a dose and time dependent manner as revealed by their viable cell counts. Principal component analysis revealed that the desiccated cells were more sensitive to phenolics in reconstituted PIF. Conclusions: Only ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid showed marked antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration in the range of 2Á5-5 mg ml À1 for unstressed C. sakazakii cells in tryptone soy broth. The maximum inhibition was achieved with 20 mg ml À1 of both the tested polyphenols in reconstituted PIF. Cold stress and starvation stress did not impart any protection nor increased the susceptibility of C. sakazakii, whereas desiccation resulted in increased susceptibility to phenolic compounds. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results obtained in this study helps in understanding the effect of environmental stresses during processing on susceptibility of C. sakazakii to natural antimicrobial agents. Future transcriptomic studies and functional genetic studies are warranted to understand the strain specific stress responses for the development of better control methods possibly by using these natural antagonists.

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“…In addition TQ is found as an antibacterial resistance modifier [8], while synergistic to particular antibiotic agents [3,6,7]. According to Shi et al TQ significantly reduced the growth of Cronobacter sakazakii with the higher concentration (30 µM) and temperature (55 °C) applied [9]. The fungal species Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were found to be susceptible to TQ [10,11].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activities Of Tqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoquinone is knocking at the door of clinical trial

Islam¹,

Sultana²,

Riaz³

et al. 2016

Int Arch Med

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This review aimed at summarizing the therapeutic potentials in a mechanistic context of a vastly studied quinone, naturally derived product from the seed oil of Nigella sativa called thymoquinone (TQ). The proposed underlyng mechanism may be attributed to its lowdose-mediated antioxidative effect while pro-oxidative at high doses. The TQ is able to form unstable and stable redox compounds in the presence of a variety of internal or external factors such as light, pH, catalyst. Antioxidant-mediated cytoprotectivity while pro-oxidative effect mediated cytotoxicity are the features of TQ with the possibility of redox balancing capacity. In addition, induced autophagy with the redox balancing potential may be a novel consideration in the cancer chemotherapy. Up to date investigated therapeutic potentials of TQ are-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory, neuro-, gastro-, cardio-, hepato-and nephroprotective. It also imparts beneficial effects in oral hygene, metabolic disorders, diabetes (especially type 2), reproductive and respiratory tract disorders, fibrosis, bone formation and decay. TQ needs clinical trial reports, despite of having a massive animal model data, combinatorial effects with some currently used chemotherapeutic agents as well as action against resistant antibiotics making TQ interesting. TQ should be taken into pharmaceutical account as a novel drug to be developed for clinical trials.

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Inactivation of Nondesiccated and Desiccated Cronobacter sakazakii in Reconstituted Infant Formula by Combination of Citral and Mild Heat

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Survival and Environmental Stress Resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii Exposed to Vacuum or Air Packaging and Stored at Different Temperatures

Survival and Environmental Stress Resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii Exposed to Vacuum or Air Packaging and Stored at Different Temperatures

Multivariate analysis of adaptive response to ferulic acid and p ‐coumaric acid after physiological stresses in Cronobacter sakazakii

Thymoquinone is knocking at the door of clinical trial

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