In vivo imaging of oral neoplasia using a miniaturized fiber optic confocal reflectance microscope

Maitland, Kristen C.; Gillenwater, Ann M.; Williams, Michelle D.; El‐Naggar, Adel K.; Descour, Michael R.; Richards‐Kortum, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.02.002

Cited by 104 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Only the light from the chosen spot at the chosen depth is in focus at the pinhole and is able to pass through it unimpeded (Gerger et al 2006). Theoretically, in vivo confocal imaging resembles histological tissue evaluation, except that three-dimensional subcellular resolution can be achieved non-invasively without stains (Maitland et al 2008).…”

Section: Confocal Reflectance Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Techniques for Detection and Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Liu

Zhao

Zeng

et al. 2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral and maxillofacial malignancy, and its morbidity and mortality rates are still high in most countries. Oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) are used to refer to a heterogeneous group of conditions that are characterized by increased risk for malignant transformation to OSCC. Currently identified oral PMDs include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, palatal lesions associated with reverse smoking, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, actinic keratosis, and discoid lupus erythematosus. The early detection and diagnosis of these lesions are important for cancer prevention and disease management. In recent years, there has been a growing and persistent demand for new non-invasive, practical diagnostic techniques that might facilitate the early detection of oral PMDs. The non-invasive detection techniques evaluated in this review are divided into four categories: vital staining with a solution that can be used as a mouth rinse or applied onto a suspected area of the mouth, light-based detection systems, optical diagnostic technologies that employ returned optical signals to reflect structural and morphological changes within tissues, and salivary biomarkers. Most of these techniques have shown great potential for screening and monitoring oral PMDs. In this review article, the authors critically assess these non-invasive detection techniques for oral PMDs. We also provide a summary of the sensitivity and specificity of each technique in detecting oral PMDs and oral cancer, as well as their advantages, disadvantages, clinical applications, and indications.

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Section: Confocal Reflectance Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Techniques for Detection and Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Liu

Zhao

Zeng

et al. 2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…The confocal images of OSCC reveled markedly disorganized epithelium with haphazardly distributed nuclei. 68 Optical tomography uses light scattering to construct an image (optical coherence tomography) or to measures the average size of different cell structures (angle-resolved low coherence interferometry). 62,63 These techniques are being investigated and their potential future value in clinical practice remains unknown.…”

Section: J Dermatol Case Rep 2015 4 Pp 89-97mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma

Warszawik-Hendzel

Olszewska

Maj

et al. 2015

J Dermatol Case Rep

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Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cutaneous malignancy after basal cell carcinoma. Although the gold standard of diagnosis for squamous cell carcinoma is biopsy followed by histopathology evaluation, optical non-invasive diagnostic tools have obtained increased attention. Dermoscopy has become one of the basic diagnostic methods in clinical practice. The most common dermoscopic features of squamous cell carcinoma include clustered vascular pattern, glomerular vessels and hyperkeratosis. Under reflectance confocal microscopy, squamous cell carcinoma shows an atypical honeycomb or disarranged pattern of the spinous-granular layer of the epidermis, round nucleated bright cells in the epidermis and round vessels in the dermis. High frequency ultrasound and optical coherence tomography may be helpful in predominantly in pre-surgical evaluation of tumor size. Emerging non-invasive or minimal invasive techniques with possible application in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, lip, oral mucosa, vulva or other tissues include high-definition optical coherence tomography, in vivo multiphoton tomography, direct oral microscopy, electrical impedance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elastic scattering spectroscopy, differential path-length spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. (J Dermatol Case Rep. 2015; 9(4): 89-97)

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“…They used PPIX and fluorescein as contrast agents, and determined that CLE with both stains seems suitable to distinguish between normal and dysplastic/cancerous tissue. Following several ex-vivo studies using CLSM for the differentiation of UADT lesions, a group from Rice University (Houston, Texas, USA) published a preliminary report on the use of a prototype pCLE system working in reflectance mode on eight patients with oral SCC in 2008 [39]. Using acetic acid for contrast enhancement, nuclear morphology distinctly differed for normal mucosa and cancerous lesions.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal laser endomicroscopy in head and neck cancer

Volgger¹,

Conderman

Betz³

2013

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery

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Purpose of reviewConfocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a novel, noninvasive technique used to obtain microanatomical images of the inner lining of hollow organs. It has been used in a variety of clinical specialties to aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning of inflammatory and neoplastic processes. Our intent is to provide an up-to-date review of the literature in the setting of head and neck diseases as well as describing our own initial results and areas of future research. Recent findingsWith increasing experience using CLE in the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), evidence is mounting that this method can be a useful adjunct to standard endoscopy and other diagnostic techniques. Recent publications have shown that by using CLE, microanatomical structures of healthy and diseased mucosa can easily be identified, allowing for a differentiation of dysplastic/neoplastic and benign mucosal lesions. Standardized diagnostic protocols as well as clinically relevant classification systems for the UADT have not yet been described. SummaryCLE is an imaging modality that allows real-time visualization of mucosal cellular architecture and other histologic characteristics. First reports on its use in the UADT have yielded promising results, but the true value of this method is yet to be determined.

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In vivo imaging of oral neoplasia using a miniaturized fiber optic confocal reflectance microscope

Cited by 104 publications

References 27 publications

Non-Invasive Techniques for Detection and Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Non-Invasive Techniques for Detection and Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Non-invasive diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma

Confocal laser endomicroscopy in head and neck cancer

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