Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) associated
with
bread-baking quality and flour nutrient quality accumulate in endosperms
of common wheat and related species. However, the mechanism underlying
the expression regulation of genes encoding LMW-GSs has not been fully
elucidated. In this study, we identified LMW-D2 and LMW-D7, which are highly and weakly expressed, respectively,
via the analysis of RNA-sequencing data of Chinese Spring wheat and
wheat transgenic lines transformed with 5′ deletion promoter
fragments and GUS fusion constructs. The 605-bp fragment
upstream of the LMW-D2 start codon could drive high
levels of GUS expression in the endosperm. The truncated
endosperm box located at the −300 site resulted in the loss
of LMW-D2 promoter activity, and a single-nucleotide
polymorphism on the GCN4 motif was closely related to the expression
of LMW-GSs. TCT and TGACG motifs, as well as the
others located on the 5′ distal end, might also be involved
in the transcription regulation of LMW-GSs. In transgenic
lines, fusion proteins of LMW-GS and GUS were deposited into protein
bodies. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying
the transcription regulation of LMW-GSs and will
contribute to the development of wheat endosperm as a bioreactor for
the production of nutraceuticals, antibodies, vaccines, and medicinal
proteins.