In vivo animal models of spinal metastasis

Cossigny, D. A.; Quan, Gerald M. Y.

doi:10.1007/s10555-011-9332-x

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…124 Rodents are easy to handle, are relatively inexpensive, can be genetically manipulated, and have a relatively high degree of genetic and organ homology with humans. 20 Importantly, unlike dogs and cats, several genetically immunodeficient rodent strains are available for use in xenograft studies. A disadvantage to using immunodeficient animal models of cancer metastasis is that the role of the intact immune system cannot be investigated.…”

Section: Animal Species Used For Bone Metastasis Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Models of Bone Metastasis

et al. 2015

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Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis in humans and is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Bone metastases are considered incurable and result in pain, pathologic fracture, and decreased quality of life. Animal models of skeletal metastases are essential to improve the understanding of the molecular pathways of cancer metastasis and growth in bone and to develop new therapies to inhibit and prevent bone metastases. The ideal animal model should be clinically relevant, reproducible, and representative of human disease. Currently, an ideal model does not exist; however, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the available models will lead to proper study design and successful cancer research. This review provides an overview of the current in vivo animal models used in the study of skeletal metastases or local tumor invasion into bone and focuses on mammary and prostate cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and miscellaneous tumors that metastasize to bone.

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Section: Animal Species Used For Bone Metastasis Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A disadvantage to using immunodeficient animal models of cancer metastasis is that the role of the intact immune system cannot be investigated. 20 …”

Section: Animal Species Used For Bone Metastasis Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Bone Metastasis

et al. 2015

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“…Osteoclasts are primarily responsible for tumour induced bone destruction, and during the resorption of the bone matrix, embedded growth factors are released that produce a permissive microenvironment and further promote tumour growth [30, 45]. Of note, in human prostate cancer, bone metastases generally favour an osteoblastic phenotype, in contrast to other metastases such as those from renal cell carcinoma, which are often lytic [46, 47]. …”

Section: Vegf and Skeletal Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Metastatic Prostate Cancer to the Skeleton

2013

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Despite the clinical implication and high incidence of bone and spinal metastases, the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer metastasis to bone and spine are not well understood. In this review the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the highly metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer are discussed. Proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been shown to not only aid in the metastatic capabilities of prostate cancer but also encourage the colonization and growth of prostate tumour cells in the skeleton. The importance of VEGF in the complex process of prostate cancer dissemination to the skeleton is discussed, including its role in the development of the bone premetastatic niche, metastatic tumour cell recognition of bone, and bone remodeling. The expression of VEGF has also been shown to be upregulated in prostate cancer and is associated with clinical stage, Gleason score, tumour stage, progression, metastasis, and survival. Due to the multifaceted effect VEGF has on tumour angiogenesis, tumour cell proliferation, and bone destruction, therapies targeting the VEGF pathways have shown promising clinical application and are being investigated in clinical trials.

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“…One of the disadvantages of using immunodeficient animals in models of cancer metastases is that they preclude investigation into the important role of the immune system in combating cancer 11. This may be overcome by the use of syngeneic models, in which cancer cell lines of the same species as the host are introduced into immunocompetent animals.…”

Section: Host Animal For Cancer Metastasis Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Cancer Models of Skeletal Metastasis

Hibberd

Cossigny

Quan

2013

Cancer�Growth�Metastasis

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The bony skeleton is one of the most common sites of metastatic spread of cancer and is a significant source of morbidity in cancer patients, causing pain and pathologic fracture, impaired ambulatory ability, and poorer quality of life. Animal cancer models of skeletal metastases are essential for better understanding of the molecular pathways behind metastatic spread and local growth and invasion of bone, to enable analysis of host-tumor cell interactions, identify barriers to the metastatic process, and to provide platforms to develop and test novel therapies prior to clinical application in human patients. Thus, the ideal model should be clinically relevant, reproducible and representative of the human condition. This review summarizes the current in vivo animal models used in the study of cancer metastases of the skeleton.

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In vivo animal models of spinal metastasis

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Animal Models of Bone Metastasis

Animal Models of Bone Metastasis

The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Metastatic Prostate Cancer to the Skeleton

Animal Cancer Models of Skeletal Metastasis

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