In VitroActivities in Mussel Hemocytes as Biomarkers of Environmental Quality: A Case Study in the Abra Estuary (Biscay Bay)

Cajaraville, Miren P.; Olabarrieta, I.; Marigómez, Ionan

doi:10.1006/eesa.1996.0108

Cited by 116 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the last few years, many in vitro bioassays based on functional responses of bivalve circulating cells have been employed in biomonitoring studies to measure the deleterious effects of contaminants on both organisms and the quality of their habitat. 38,39 In the present study, it was observed that TBT exposure affected the lysosomal compartments of T. philippinarum haemocytes. It is well known that lysosomes play an important role in the immune responses of bivalve molluscs: upon phagocyte stimulation, lysosomal hydrolases are released from cells to degrade foreign materials 40 or into phagosomes, thus participating in the degradation of internalized foreign particles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

In vitro effects of tributyltin on functional responses of haemocytes in the clam Tapes philippinarum

Matozzo

Ballarin

Marin

2002

Applied Organom Chemis

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The effects of tributyltin (TBT, as the chloride) on circulating cells from the clam Tapes philippinarum were investigated, in order to set up quick and reproducible in vitro bioassays to evaluate TBT toxicity in bivalve molluscs. Haemocytes, collected from the adductor muscle of clams, were exposed for 60 min at 25°C to sublethal concentrations of TBT (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mM) and the effects on uptake of the vital dye Neutral Red, and both superoxide dismutase (antioxidant enzyme) and lysozyme (bacteriolytic enzyme) activities were spectrophotometrically evaluated. Exposure of haemocytes to 0.05 mM TBT caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in Neutral Red dye uptake compared with controls, whereas no differences resulted after exposure to 0.01 and 0.1 mM TBT. Enlarged lysosomes were observed in haemocytes exposed to 0.05 mM TBT. Moreover, in haemocytes treated with 0.05 mM and 0.1 mM TBT, superoxide dismutase activity significantly decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) with respect to that of controls. A significant decrease in lysozyme activity was also observed in haemocytes exposed to 0.05 (P < 0.01) and 0.1 mM TBT (P < 0.001). These results suggest a relationship between TBT exposure and alterations in functional responses of haemocytes in T. philippinarum. The proposed assays are sensitive, rapid and reproducible. They may be proposed as biomarkers, although their responsiveness needs to be more fully evaluated in haemocytes collected after clam exposure in both laboratory and field conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

In vitro effects of tributyltin on functional responses of haemocytes in the clam Tapes philippinarum

Matozzo

Ballarin

Marin

2002

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…No statistically significant differences in phagocytic activity or phagocytosis index were recorded for either gender between the two periods PrS and PoS. Neutral red uptake (NRU) is used to evaluate the endocytic activity of the cells (Cajaraville et al, 1996). The lipophilic dye can permeate the cell membrane quite freely and accumulates intracellularly in lysosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in the immune system activities of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Arizza

Vazzana

Schillaci

et al. 2013

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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In the immune system of vertebrates, gender-specific differences in individual immune competence are well known. In general, females possess more powerful immune response than males. In invertebrates, the situation is much less clear. For this purpose we have chosen to study the immune response of the two sexes of the echinoderm Paracentrotus lividus in pre-and post-spawning phases. The coelomic fluid from the echinoderms contains several coelomocyte types and molecules involved in innate immune defenses. In this article we report that the degree of immune responses in the P. lividus differs according to sex in both pre-and post-spawning phases. We found in all tests that females were more active than males. The results indicate that females possess a significant higher number of immunocytes consisting of phagocytes and uncolored spherulocytes. Since the immunological activity is mainly based on immunocytes, it was not surprising that females possessed the highest values of cytotoxicity and hemolysis activity and showed a greater ability to uptake neutral red and phagocyte yeasts cells, while the average number of ingested particles per active phagocyte was not significantly different. Furthermore, agglutinating activity was more evident in the coelomocyte lysate and coelomic fluid of females than in those of males. Finally we found that the acidic extract of female gonads possessed greater antimicrobial activity than that of male gonads. These results make it very likely that gender differences in the immune response are not restricted to vertebrates; rather, they are a general evolutionary phenomenon.

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“…To date, immunotoxicity studies focussed on mussels from marine waters (30e37&) (Cajaraville et al, 1996;Hannam et al, 2009;Pipe et al, 1999) or acute salinity stress (Bussell et al, 2008;Matozzo et al, 2007;Reid et al, 2003). However, immune responses in mussels from brackish seas and waters with naturally occurring and consistent salinity gradients are likely to be affected by low salinities additional to contaminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of various pollutant mixtures on immune responses of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) collected at a salinity gradient in Danish coastal waters

Höher

Köhler

Strand

et al. 2012

Marine Environmental Research

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a b s t r a c tThe Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea with a steady salinity gradient (3&e30&). Organisms have adapted to such low salinities, but are suspected to be more susceptible to stress. Within the frame of the integrated environmental monitoring BONUS þ project "BEAST" the applicability of immune responses of the blue mussel was investigated in Danish coastal waters. The sampling sites were characterised by a salinity range (11e19&) and different mixtures of contaminants (metals, PAHs and POPs), according to chemical analysis of mussel tissues. Variation partitioning (redundancy analysis) was applied to decompose salinity and contamination effects. The results indicated that cellular immune responses (total and differential haemocyte count, phagocytic activity and apoptosis) were mainly influenced by contaminants, whereas humoral factors (haemolytic activity) were mainly impacted by salinity. Hence, cellular immune functions may be suitable as biomarkers in monitoring programmes for the Baltic Sea and other geographic regions with salinity variances of the studied range.Crown

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In VitroActivities in Mussel Hemocytes as Biomarkers of Environmental Quality: A Case Study in the Abra Estuary (Biscay Bay)

Cited by 116 publications

References 40 publications

In vitro effects of tributyltin on functional responses of haemocytes in the clam Tapes philippinarum

In vitro effects of tributyltin on functional responses of haemocytes in the clam Tapes philippinarum

Gender differences in the immune system activities of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Effects of various pollutant mixtures on immune responses of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) collected at a salinity gradient in Danish coastal waters

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