In Vitro Restoration of Post-Operatively Decreased IFN-Gamma Levels After Cardiac Surgery and Its Effect on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Mediators

A Comparison of Monocyte Counts and Ex Vivo and In Vitro Monocyte Cytokine Production After Major Surgical Trauma

“…We found evidence suggesting that a reduced IL-12 synthesis by monocytes must be discussed as the main cause of TH1 lymphocyte suppression [8,13,14].…”

“…Due to the age of these patients, preoperative T lymphocyte function and monocyte reactivity are reduced preoperatively [30 -34] and monocyte activity is compromised for a longer postoperative period [17,35]. Because monocyte activity depends redundantly on interferon-␥ synthesis [8,13,14,16,36,37], it is not only possible but likely that the mechanisms described in this study prevent a rapid recovery of immune function and instead cause an immune dysfunction that predisposes patients to postoperative infectious complications. Further studies should be undertaken to investigate this group of patients on the basis of the results that we obtained for patients with an uncomplicated clinical course after cardiac surgery.…”

Secretion of Soluble ST2 – Possible Explanation for Systemic Immunosuppression after Heart Surgery

“…Attenuation of the secretory capacity of pro-inflammatory cytokines after CABG surgery was linked to ECC. However, it was deemed unlikely that the production of an anti-inflammatory TH2 cytokine IL-10 is causative for this observation [7][8]. Since IFN-γ and IL-2 are produced by TH1-type lymphocytes it can be concluded that ECC induces impairment of TH1 cell function, implying a generalized mitigated immune response.…”