In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex

Azzarelli, Roberta; Oleari, Roberto; Lettieri, Antonella; Andrè, Valentina; Cariboni, Anna

doi:10.3390/brainsci7050048

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…In addition, the 6 cortical cell layers have been shown in all groups of mice with some differences, dense aggregation of neurons in layers found in the embryonic brain at E17, but more homogeneity of cortex was found in postnatal brains at P3, P5, and P7. In agreement with findings reported previously [16], the cytoarchitecture was established during embryonic development through the coordinated processes of neurogenesis and cell migration. During mammalian embryonic development, newly generated neurons leave the proliferative areas to reach their place of final maturation in precise locations within the cortex.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialic acid–NCAM expression in developing ICR mice

et al. 2018

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Background Coexpression of polysialic acid (PSA)–neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) with immature neuronal markers is used to indicate the developmental state of neurons generated in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of adult hippocampus. PSA–NCAM is highly expressed throughout the embryonic and juvenile mammalian brain, but heavily downregulated in adult brain. Objective To visualize the expression profiles of NCAM/PSA–NCAM in the dentate SGZ of the hippocampus in developing ICR mice. Methods Cellular distribution, expression, and developmental changes of NCAM/PSA–NCAM were studied in ICR mice at embryonic age 17 days (E17); and similarly at postnatal ages P3, P5, and P7. The SGZ was studied using NCAM and PSA–NCAM immunoreactive staining with or without hematoxylin counterstaining. Western blotting was used to confirm protein expression levels. Results NCAM expression was localized to the surface of neurons and glia and was higher in postnatal mice than it was in embryonic mice. PSA–NCAM was found in cytoplasm and membrane of neural cells, more densely staining in the dentate SGZ at P7, but no staining found at E17. Western blotting of brain tissues also showed expression of both PSA–NCAM and NCAM increased significantly at P5 and P7 compared with expression at P3. Conclusions Progressive increase in NCAM expression occurs in the SGZ during embryogenic and postnatal development. PSA–NCAM was not expressed in embryonic ICR mice, but was increased after birth and highly localized in the SGZ at P7. This NCAM expression pattern in the developing brain indicating structural plasticity and neurogenesis may be useful for study of brain repair.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialic acid–NCAM expression in developing ICR mice

et al. 2018

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“…To date, numerous 2D systems have been developed to model migration deficits. These include the Boyden Chamber Assay, the Stripe Choice Assay, 194 and the neurosphere migration assay. 195 3D-based systems have also been developed to characterize migration, such as the 3D hydrogel-based migration assay 187 and the interneuron migration assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing disrupted neurodevelopment in autism using human stem cell‐derived neurons and organoids: An outlook into future diagnostics and drug development

Yang

Shcheglovitov

2019

Developmental Dynamics

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, repetitive or restrictive behaviors, and problems with speech. According to a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in 68 children in the US is diagnosed with ASDs. Although ASD-related diagnostics and the knowledge of ASD-associated genetic abnormalities have improved in recent years, our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways disrupted in ASD remains very limited. As a result, no specific therapies or medications are available for individuals with ASDs. In this review, we describe the neurodevelopmental processes that are likely affected in the brains of individuals with ASDs and discuss how patient-specific stem cellderived neurons and organoids can be used for investigating these processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we propose a discovery pipeline to be used in the future for identifying the cellular and molecular deficits and developing novel personalized therapies for individuals with idiopathic ASDs.

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“…Moreover, the recording techniques used in these studies have important intrinsic 15 differences in spatial and temporal resolutions, which in turn might impact the measurements to 16 compare evoked and spontaneous activity (Menon and Kim, 1999). Furthermore, there is also wide 17 diversity in the preparations used in these studies, such as brain slices or in vivo recordings, which 18 have distinct activity dynamics and might impact the conclusions (Azzarelli et al, 2017). Also, the 19 brain states in which the recordings were performed might be different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal structure of sensory-evoked and spontaneous activity revealed by mesoscale imaging in anesthetized and awake mice

Afrashteh

Inayat

Bermudez-Contreras

et al. 2020

Preprint

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1Brain activity propagates across the cortex in diverse spatiotemporal patterns, both as a response 2 to sensory stimulation and during spontaneous activity. Despite been extensively studied, the 3 relationship between the characteristics of such patterns during spontaneous and evoked activity 4 is not completely understood. To investigate this relationship, we compared visual, auditory, and 5 tactile evoked activity patterns elicited with different stimulus strengths and spontaneous activity 6 motifs in lightly anesthetized and awake mice using mesoscale wide-field voltage-sensitive dye 7 and glutamate imaging respectively. The characteristics of cortical activity that we compared 8 include amplitude, speed, direction, and complexity of propagation trajectories in spontaneous and 9 evoked activity patterns. We found that the complexity of the propagation trajectories of 10 spontaneous activity, quantified as their fractal dimension, is higher than the one from sensory 11 evoked responses. Moreover, the speed and direction of propagation, are modulated by the 12 amplitude during both, spontaneous and evoked activity. Finally, we found that spontaneous 13 activity had similar amplitude and speed when compared to evoked activity elicited with low 14 stimulus strengths. However, this similarity gradually decreased when the strength of stimuli 15 eliciting evoked responses increased. Altogether, these findings are consistent with the fact that 16 even primary sensory areas receive widespread inputs from other cortical regions, and that, during 17 rest, the cortex tends to reactivate traces of complex, multi-sensory experiences that may have 18 occurred in a range of different behavioural contexts. 19 20

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In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex

Cited by 21 publications

References 104 publications

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialic acid–NCAM expression in developing ICR mice

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialic acid–NCAM expression in developing ICR mice

Probing disrupted neurodevelopment in autism using human stem cell‐derived neurons and organoids: An outlook into future diagnostics and drug development

Spatiotemporal structure of sensory-evoked and spontaneous activity revealed by mesoscale imaging in anesthetized and awake mice

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