In Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil from Pistacia vera L. Variety Bronte Hull

Abstract

Although the chemical composition and biological properties of some species of the genus Pistacia has been investigated, studies on hull essential oil of Pistacia vera L. variety Bronte (HEO) are currently lacking. In this work, we have carried out an in-depth phytochemical profile elucidation by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and an evaluation of antioxidant scavenging properties of HEO, using several different in vitro methods, checking also its cytoprotective potential on lymphocytes treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, both American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinical isolates, was also investigated. GC-MS analysis highlighted the richness of this complex matrix, with the identification of 40 derivatives. The major components identified were 4-Carene (31.743%), α-Pinene (23.584%), d-Limonene (8.002%), and 3-Carene (7.731%). The HEO showed a strong iron chelating activity and was found to be markedly active against hydroxyl radical, while scarce effects were found against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Moreover, pre-treatment with HEO was observed to significantly increase the cell viability, decreasing the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. HEO was bactericidal against all the tested strains at the concentration of 7.11 mg/mL, with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The obtained results demonstrate the strong free-radical scavenging activity of HEO along with remarkable cytoprotective and antimicrobial properties.

Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Mill. fruit as source of betalains with antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anti‐angiogenic properties

“…The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was evaluated according to Smeriglio et al (). Briefly, 1.5 ml of freshly DPPH methanol solution (10 −4 M), was mixed with 37.5 μl of sample solution (concentration range 0.30–2.40 mg/ml and 0.60–4.80 mg/ml for cactus pear peel and pulp extracts, respectively) and mixed for 10 sec at RT.…”

“…The qualitative and quantitative determination of betalains was carried out using an Agilent high performance liquid chromatography system (1100 series, Santa Clara, CA, USA), equipped with a photodiode-array detector (DAD; G1315), and an ion trap mass spectrometer detector (6320) fitted with an ESI source operating in positive ionization mode. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was evaluated according to Smeriglio et al (2017). Briefly, 1.5 ml of freshly DPPH methanol solution (10 −4 M), was mixed with 37.5 μl of sample solution (concentration range 0.30-2.40 mg/ml and 0.60-4.80 mg/ml for cactus pear peel and pulp extracts, respectively) and mixed for 10 sec at RT.…”

Effect and mechanism of oyster hydrolytic peptides on spatial learning and memory in mice

“…2.2.4 Scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical. Scavenging activity of OPH on hydroxyl radicals was performed, using method described by Smeriglio et al 26 with a few modications. Briey, the reaction mixture contained 1.0 mL of phosphate buffer (PBS, 0.15 mol L À1 , pH 7.4), 1.0 mL of safranine T (1.0 mM), 0.5 mL of EDTA-FeSO 4 (2.0 mmol L À1 ) and 1.0 mL of OPH with the concentration of 5 mg mL À1 , the same concentration of vitamin C (Vc) was used as standard.…”

Polyphenol Characterization, Antioxidant and Skin Whitening Properties of Alnus cordata Stem Bark

“…The scavenging activity of ACE against DPPH radical was evaluated according to Smeriglio et al . Briefly, 37.5 μL of ACE (0.938–15 μg mL −1 ) was added to 1.5 mL of fresh daily DPPH methanol solution (10 −4 m ), mixed for 10 s at room temperature and incubated for 20 min.…”

“…The scavenging activity of ACE against DPPH radical was evaluated according to Smeriglio et al [20] Briefly, 37.5 μL of ACE (0.938-15 μg mL À 1 ) was added to 1.5 mL of fresh daily DPPH methanol solution (10 À 4 M), mixed for 10 s at room temperature and incubated for 20 min. At the end of the incubation time, the absorbance was read at 517 nm, against blank, using an UV/VIS spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1601, Kyoto, Japan).…”