In vitro effect of heather extracts on Trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs, larvae and adults

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effects of different heather species on Trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs, larvae and adult worms, and obtain scientific evidence to attribute these effects to the action of their phenolic compounds and/or tannins. Total phenolic extracts of three heather species (Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, and Erica umbellata) and an equal mixture of these three extracts were tested in vitro in the three development stages of T. colubriformis using an egg hatching assay (EHA), larval exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA), and adult motility inhibition assay (AMIA). The egg hatching rate was measured after incubation with heather extracts for 48 h at 25°C. Infective third-stage larvae (L3) were incubated for 3h at 25°C with heather extracts. The evolution of artificial exsheathment over time was measured with repeated observations at 20-min intervals for 60 min. Adult worms were obtained from one donor goat and incubated with the extracts at 37°C for 5 days in 48-multiwell plates. Worm motility was measured at 0, 19, 24, 43, 48, 67, 72, 96 and 115 h after the beginning of the experiment. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 75, 150, 300, 600 and 1,200 μg/ml. All extracts significantly (P<0.001) inhibited egg hatching and the effect was dose dependent. All extracts inhibited or delayed the exsheathment of T. colubriformis L3, and the effect was dose dependent for C. vulgaris. Incubation with heather extracts induced a reduction in adult worm motility compared to control, although significant (P<0.05) differences were only found at the highest concentrations. Additional studies showed that purified tannins of the same heather species disturbed T. colubriformis larval exsheathment. All these results confirm the anthelmintic properties of heather against T. colubriformis, and suggest that not only tannins but also some other phenolic compounds might be involved.

The use of 1H–NMR Metabolomics to Optimise the Extraction and Preliminary Identification of Anthelmintic Products from the Leaves of Lysiloma latisiliquum

“…Testing of all extracts for their AH activity showed the strongest activity for the acetone/H 2 O (70:30) extract (Figure , Table ), a result that coincided with earlier in vitro reports (Castañeda‐Ramírez, ). Extracts from MeOH/H 2 O (1:1), MeOH, and MeOH‐ES showed moderate activity with IC 50 values ranging from 115 to 900 μg/mL; these values are similar to those reported for extracts from other plants, when evaluated against H. contortus using the same bioassay (Castañeda‐Ramírez, ; Moreno‐Gonzalo et al ., ; Vargas‐Magaña, ). The lack of AH activity in extracts from medium (EtOH) to low polarity solvents (CH 2 Cl 2 ‐SE and EtOAc‐SE) further confirmed the finding that the bioactive metabolites of L. latisiliquum are of high polarity (Hernández‐Bolio et al ., ).…”

Anthelmintic activity of plants against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats: a review

“…In this review, antiparasitic effects of plants vary depending on the plant species, stage, the nematode species and the parasitic stage. Erica cinera was more active against eggs and L 3 of T. columbriformis than to inhibit the egg hatching and larvae exsheathment of abomasal parasites ( H. contortus and T. circumcinta ) (Moreno-Gonzalo et al ., 2013 a , 2013 b ). The Agave sisalana and Moringa oleifera has greater ovicidal effect while Acacia nilotica and A. raddiana are more active against L 3 of GIN (Botura et al ., 2013; Zabré et al ., 2017; De Medeiros et al ., 2018).…”

“…In this review, antiparasitic effects of plants vary depending on the plant species, stage, the nematode species and the parasitic stage. Erica cinera was more active against eggs and L 3 of T. columbriformis than to inhibit the egg hatching and larvae exsheathment of abomasal parasites (H. contortus and T. circumcinta) (Moreno-Gonzalo et al, 2013a, 2013b (Chan-Pérez et al, 2016). The use of standardized in vitro methods is essential for the assessment of the efficacy of plant products, particularly the determination of EC 50 and EC 90 (effective concentration 50% and 90%), which allows the comparison of activities of different plants (Borges and Borges, 2016).…”

Recent Advancement in Goat Nutrition

“…Furthermore, extracts of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) were found to reduce coccidial load and enhance goat performance [65]. Similar studies that have shown the anthelmintic effect of plant extracts and essential oils are [66,67].…”