In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of doxorubicin-loaded/superparamagnetic iron oxide colloidal nanoassemblies on MCF7 and NIH3T3 cell lines

Abstract

One of the promising strategies for improvement of cancer treatment is based on magnetic drug delivery systems, thus avoiding side effects of standard chemotherapies. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have ideal properties to become a targeted magnetic drug delivery contrast probes, named theranostics. We worked with SPIO condensed colloidal nanocrystal clusters (MagAlg) prepared through a new soft biomineralization route in the presence of alginate as the polymeric shell and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). The aim of this work was to study the in vitro cytotoxicity of these new MagAlg–DOX systems on mouse fibroblast and breast carcinoma cell lines. For proper analysis and understanding of cell behavior after administration of MagAlg–DOX compared with free DOX, a complex set of in vitro tests, including production of reactive oxygen species, comet assay, cell cycle determination, gene expression, and cellular uptake, were utilized. It was found that the cytotoxic effect of MagAlg–DOX system is delayed compared to free DOX in both cell lines. This was attributed to the different mechanism of internalization of DOX and MagAlg–DOX into the cells, together with the fact that the drug is strongly bound on the drug nanocarriers. We discovered that nanoparticles can attenuate or even inhibit the effect of DOX, particularly in the tumor MCF7 cell line. This is a first comprehensive study on the cytotoxic effect of DOX-loaded SPIO compared with free DOX on healthy and cancer cell lines, as well as on the induced changes in gene expression.

Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Properties of Dox-ZnO Quantum Dots Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles against MCF-7 and SKBR-3 Human Breast Cancer Cells

“…Doxorubicin when introduced as nanoparticle composites to the cells, is shown to confer less toxicity to the normal cells. There are previous reports that Doxorubicin-loaded colloidal nanoassembles confer less cytotoxicity compared to direct treatment with Doxorubicin in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells [30]. Corresponding to this, our results from MTT assay showed Doxorubicin-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity to the MCF-7 and SKBR-3 breast cancer cells at specific concentrations.…”

High-yield clicking and dissociation of doxorubicin nanoclusters exhibiting differential cellular uptakes and imaging

“…Because the fibroblastic cell lines have been known to release exogenous MMPs, we expected that MMP release from NIH3T3 cell could accelerate the breakdown of the nanoclusters in addition to MMP-2 in cultivating medium. Although we confirmed the anti-cancer activity against mouse fibroblast cell lines, we speculate that the results employing human cancer cell line would be similar based on the previous studies employing NIH3T3 cells [44]. After the live/dead cell assay, the percentages of the dead cells with respect to total cells were 1.0±1.7%, 7.1±4.7%, 93.2±3.4%, and 1.1±1.5% for native AuNP, the nanoclusters without MMP-2, and those with MMP-2, and control, respectively.…”

A Light-Responsive Self-Assembly Formed by a Cationic Azobenzene Derivative and SDS as a Drug Delivery System

“…As CAB could be considered as a kind of cationic surfactant, the mixed surfactant system formed from CAB and SDS in aqueous solution will be a novel photo-sensitive catanionic self-assembly system. Mouse fibroblast, NIH 3T3 cells have been widely used to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect and cellular uptake of nanoparticles41424344. So NIH 3T3 cells were chosen to assess the cytotoxicity of the blank CAB/SDS system and cellular uptake of rhodamine B (RhB)-loaded system in our present study.…”