In vitro Control of Anthracnose Disease of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) caused by Colletotrichum destructivum with Cyathula prostrata L and Diodia scandens SW leaf extracts

Ogu, Gideon I.; Owoeye, Anita Ehi

doi:10.5455/jice.20120723094255

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Finally, the isolate was subjected to pathogenicity tests by re-inoculating it into 2-week-old cowpea seedlings. About 4 days after inoculating the seedlings, typical anthracnose symptoms resembling those observed on the diseased pods were observed on the leaf blades and petioles of the seedlings (Ogu and Owoeye, 2013;Markson et al, 2014;Enyiukwu et al 2020). Thus, confirming that the organism is pathogenic.…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of The Causal Agentmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Thus, the disease remains one of the major biotic challenges to economic cowpea production in the sub-region, especially in Nigeria (Adegbite and Amusa 2008;Sabo et al 2014;Falade et al 2018). Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara has been identified as the causal agent of the disease in Nigeria (Ogu and Owoeye 2013;Awurum and Enyiukwu 2013). The pathogen is a hemibiotrophic fungus; which survives no-crop seasons as dormant mycelia or spores in bean debris or seed coats, cotyledon, and embryo of infected cowpea seeds (Begum et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host

2021

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Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Nwaogu GA, Bassey IN. 2020. Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host. Cell Biol Dev 4: 41-46. Cowpea or southern pea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is an important African grain and leafy vegetable. Anthracnose caused by C. destructivum represents a major biotic drawback to the profitable production of cowpeas in the incontinent. The disease culminates in the loss of grain yield, produce quality, and nutritional values of the crop. This work assessed and quantified the nutrients lost from the aerial organs of cowpea (var. Ife Brown) challenged by anthracnose disease in the field and storage 4 weeks after inoculation (WAI) by classical and spectrometric analyses. The results showed that the disease affected the nutrient contents of the inoculated crop's aerial organs, decreasing the mean quantities of all proximate constituents and major mineral nutrients such as calcium and phosphorus in the test plant materials. Amongst the aerial organs, fat was the most depleted nutrient (36.30%), followed by protein (28.52%), carbohydrate (26.67%), and crude fiber, with 20.04%, was the least. Generally, the highest mean loss of proximate nutrients due to anthracnose disease per organ of the test crop of 27.97% was recorded in the leaf sample, followed by 22.13% in the seeds and 18.03% in the husks was the least. Similarly, the highest mean mineral loss of 42.63 mg 100 g-1 occurred in the husks, followed by the stem (26.14 mg 100 g-1), while the seed recording (15.41 mg 100 g-1) was the least. Controlling this important fungal disease of the crop will undoubtedly result in better leaf, grain, and haulm quality, which will rub off as improved farm economy and public health in the continent.

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Section: Isolation and Identification Of The Causal Agentmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host

2021

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“…Similarly, Monodora myristica, Argemone mexicana, Tephrosia purpurea, Diodia scandens and Cyathula prostrata were reported to retard the development C. destructivum in culture (Akinbode and Ikotun 2008;Obi 2011;Ogu and Owoeye 2013;Obi and Barriusa-Vargas 2014). In all these evaluations, the botanicals acted by inhibiting spore germination and retarding the radial growth and mycelial biomass of the pathogenic organisms (Amadioha 2003;Mukherjee et al 2011;Ogu and Owoeye 2013;Obi and Barriusa-Vargas 2014). Across concentrations used in this study, extracts of A. cordifolia, T. pachysiphon and L. camara showed moderate to strong inhibition of both spore germination and radial growth of C. destructivum thereby corroborating the reports of findings of the other workers above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal activities of methanol extracts of some medicinal plants against germination and growth of Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara in culture

Enyiukwu

Amadioha

Ononuju

2021

Asian J Nat Prod Biochem

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Abstract. Authors. 2021. Antifungal activities of methanol extracts of some medicinal plants against germination and growth of Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara in culture. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 25-29. Cowpea is an important grain and leafy vegetable in many tropical locations. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara is one of the several factors constraining the economic production of the crop in warm humid areas. Use of resistant varieties and synthetic pesticides for control of the disease in the crop are disadvantaged for variability of the pathogen, leading to resistance failure of cultivars in many cowpea growing areas; and pesticide residues in the treated crops which ultimately engender mammalian toxicity respectively. This study evaluated the effects of Alchornea cordifolia, Tabernaemontana pachysiphon and Lantana camara as eco-friendly fungicides against the pathogen in culture. The results showed that the extracts inhibited the fungus in a dose-wise manner. At 75 and100 % concentrations, L. camara strongly inhibited the spore germination and radial growth of the fungus better than all concentrations of T. pachysiphon and A. cordifolia; whereas A. cordifolia extracts exhibited the lowest inhibition at all concentrations. Generally, the fungitoxicity of benomyl was found higher which inhibited 90.15 % spore germination and 96.32 % radial growth of the pathogen. However, at 75%, 100% L. camara and 100% T. pachysiphon which significantly (P?0.05) inhibited (80.02%, 84.21 % and 80.91%) spore germination and (87.33%, 90.87 % and 85. %) radial growth of the fungus respectively compared well with inhibition effects recorded from benomyl. Therefore these plants can be used as viable protectants of cowpea against anthracnose (C. destructivum) in small holder farming systems of the humid tropics; to enhance its production and farm economy.

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“…The isolate was subjected to pathogenicity tests by reinoculating it into 2-week old cowpea seedlings. About 4 days after inoculation of the seedlings, typical anthracnose symptoms resembling those observed on the diseased pods were observed on the leaf blades and petioles of the seedlings (Ogu and Owoeye 2013;Markson et al 2014). Thus, confirming that the organism is pathogenic.…”

Section: In Vitro Experiments Isolation and Identification Of The Causmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological aberrations and mode of damage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by Colletotrichum destructivum

2020

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Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Amadioha AC, Ononuju CC. 2020. Histological aberrations and mode of damage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by Colletotrichum destructivum. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 16-23. Leaf and stem of healthy 2-week old cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seedlings were inoculated with spore suspension of the Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara. Sections of the infection courts were prepared and examined under digital microscope. The results showed that the infection process began 12 hours after inoculation (hai) with the germination of spores of the fungus. Large multi-lobed primary hypha (somewhat spherical in shape) developed from the infection peg and remained inside a single epithelial cell for about 3 days. Towards the end of this time, the primary hyphae developed thin filamentous tentacles that punctured and branched into adjoining cells, initiating necrotrophic phase of the disease. During this period, typical anthracnose symptoms began to develop on the infected organs of the crop. The entire infection process lasted a maximum of 96 h, at the end of which acervulus that bore a single seta emerged on infected crop lesions. The mechanism of damage of the pathogen involved intra-cellular and inter-cellular colonization of the host tissues early and late in the disease cycle. The integrity of the affected tissues' cells was compromised by passage and colonization of Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara evidenced by lack of clear-cut middle lamella and cell boundaries. Anthracnose affected cells dispossessed of vital nutrients became turbid, devoid of turgidity and vigor. Thus, these results have strong implications for plant health management in that effective environment-compliant control of the fungus should be initiated on or before the third day following arrival of the conidia of the pathogen on the crop. Seeds are major agents of introduction of Colletotrichum spp. to disease-free locations. Findings from this study also support that strong trans-border control of seeds of the crop should be maintained since the pathogen is known to be seed-borne and demonstrates sufficient cross-infection of crop plants. Key words: Hemibiotrophy, Colletotrichum destructivum, Anthracnose, Cowpea, Hyphal colonization

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In vitro Control of Anthracnose Disease of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) caused by Colletotrichum destructivum with Cyathula prostrata L and Diodia scandens SW leaf extracts

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host

Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host

Antifungal activities of methanol extracts of some medicinal plants against germination and growth of Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara in culture

Histological aberrations and mode of damage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by Colletotrichum destructivum

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