In-vitro concentration of azithromycin in human phagocytic cells

Panteix, G.; Guillaumond, B.; Harf, R; Desbos, Agnès; Sapin, V.; Leclercq, M.; Perrin‐Fayolle, M

doi:10.1093/jac/31.suppl_e.1

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The MIC is above the reported peak serum level of 0.4 g/ml following a 500-mg oral dose of azithromycin (6) and 3.1 g/ml following a 1-g dose by intravenous infusion (9) and is above the NCCLS breakpoint for susceptibility (15). Azithromycin, however, achieves high intracellular concentrations (16) and activity (18). The discordance between in vitro susceptibility and in vivo effectiveness is probably explained by the predominantly intracellular location of serovar Typhi (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Controlled Comparison of Azithromycin and Ofloxacin for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant or Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Enteric Fever

Chinh

Parry

et al. 2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

125

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To examine the efficacy and safety of short courses of azithromycin and ofloxacin for treating multidrugresistant (MDR, i.e., resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and cotrimoxazole) and nalidixic acid-resistant enteric fever, azithromycin (1 g once daily for 5 days at 20 mg/kg/day) and ofloxacin (200 mg orally twice a day for 5 days at 8 mg/kg/day) were compared in an open randomized study in adults admitted to a hospital with uncomplicated enteric fever. A total of 88 blood culture-confirmed patients were enrolled in the study (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Controlled Comparison of Azithromycin and Ofloxacin for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant or Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Enteric Fever

Chinh

Parry

et al. 2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

125

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“…When laparoscopic surgery has been compared with minilaparotomy, earlier studies reported that laparoscopic surgery was superior in reducing hospital stay and postoperative dysfunction as well as leading to a quicker return to normal activities. However, subsequent reports did not show any improvement in postoperative recovery and respiratory impairment or any reduction in neuroendocrine response and cortisol production (4,24,34). When laparoscopic surgery involving a larger extent of surgical dissection, such as laparoscopic adrenalectomy, was compared with open surgery, white blood cell count and CRP level, two parameters that reflect acute inflammation, did not differ significantly between groups (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clarithromycin Attenuates Mastectomy-Induced Acute Inflammatory Response

Chow¹,

Yuen

Woo

et al. 2000

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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Based on the observation that administration of clarithromycin led to an attenuation of the inflammatory response induced by surgical trauma in a guinea pig model, we investigated the potential beneficial effects of clarithromycin on the local and systemic inflammatory response in patients undergoing mastectomy in an open-label prospective study. During a 16-month period, 54 patients who underwent mastectomy were randomly divided into two groups. In one group, the patients received oral clarithromycin at a dose of 500 mg twice a day, from the day before to 3 days after mastectomy. There was no significant difference in the incidence of antibiotic prophylaxis-related toxicities or postoperative infections between the patients who received clarithromycin and those who did not. Clarithromycin treatment was significantly associated with an attenuation of febrile response, tachycardia, tachypnea, and an increase in monocyte counts (P, <0.0001, <0.01, <0.05, and <0.01, respectively). Clarithromycin also reduced the intensity and duration of postoperative pain (P, <0.05 and <0.005, respectively) and increased the range of motion of the involved shoulder (P < 0.05 for abduction and flexion). We conclude that clarithromycin effectively modulates the acute inflammatory response associated with mastectomy and produces a better clinical outcome.Surgical operations induce major physiological and immunological changes. These changes are activated by various stimuli, such as nociceptive stimulation, tissue injury, tissue ischemia, reperfusion, and hemodynamic disturbances. The clinical response is the result of complex changes, which include dysregulation of T-cell function, changes in the balance of cytokines and counterregulatory hormones, and increased hepatic synthesis of acute-phase reactants. In most patients, the systemic changes are minimal and self-limiting. However, in patients with complicated surgery or major trauma, the response becomes extensive and prolonged, resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which is characterized by increased or suppressed body temperature, increased heart rate, hyperventilation, and an abnormal peripheral leukocyte count (2). Although an inflammatory response is an inevitable and essential part of the repair process and a natural defensive reaction to prevent infections associated with trauma, such undesirable fallout from surgical treatment is associated with significant morbidity and even mortality.The macrolide group of antibiotics is associated with in vitro and in vivo immunomodulating activities (18,(31)(32)(33). Erythromycin, one of the macrolides, has been used extensively for antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery (22). Recently, it has also been shown that clarithromycin attenuates the inflammatory response induced by surgical trauma in a guinea pig model (32).Mastectomy is a suitable surgical procedure for the study of the acute inflammatory response to surgery because the extensive dissection causes significant tissue damage and bacterial contam...

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“…Serum levels after oral administration are 0.04 to 0.4 g/ml (557). Azithromycin shows excellent penetration into most tissues and achieves intracellular concentrations inside macrophages and neutrophils that are 10 to 100 times greater than serum concentrations, with slow release from this intracellular site (558,559). The drug has a long half-life of 2 to 3 days, allowing once-daily administration, and is safe to use in children.…”

Section: Azithromycinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica , initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.

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In-vitro concentration of azithromycin in human phagocytic cells

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

A Randomized Controlled Comparison of Azithromycin and Ofloxacin for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant or Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Enteric Fever

A Randomized Controlled Comparison of Azithromycin and Ofloxacin for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant or Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Enteric Fever

Clarithromycin Attenuates Mastectomy-Induced Acute Inflammatory Response

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

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