In vitro comparison of the vitamin D endocrine system in 1,25(OH)2D3-responsive and –Resistant melanoma cells

Abstract

We studied effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH)

Exponentially increasing incidences of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Europe correlate with low personal annual UV doses and suggests 2 major risk factors

“…Next we asked how the southern (46-50 N), middle (51)(52)(53)(54)(55) N), northern (56-60 N), and northernmost (>60 N) European countries' CMM incidences changed over time to learn if the increase is linear or exponential in every latitudinal region. We only included countries with more than 50% of the available data (Table 2) in Figure 2 so as not to skew the slopes of the trendlines by data that was only collected in the later years.…”

“…51 Recently, the UVA passing through airplane windows has been implicated as the cause for pilots and flight attendants having twice the incidence of CMM as the general population. 52 Vitamin D 3 is important in the etiology of CMM because melanoma cells can convert it to the hormone, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3, or calcitriol, 53 and initiate an apoptotic cell death mechanism 54 via the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). 55 We can find evidence of vitamin D-induced suicidal death of melanoma cells from VDR polymorphisms that result in an increased risk for CMM, reviewed by Denzer et al 56 and decreased survival of patients.…”

“…To show a lack of bias, we also analyzed the data of all the countries listed inTable 1A and included Italy, Spain, and Portugal and found a similar exponential increase in the CMM incidences with a slightly reduced slope (results not shown). The temporal data in Figure 2 was plotted from the averaged data in Figure 3, we compare female and males in the northern (averaged [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] N for »50 N) and southern (averaged all countries above 55 N for »60 N) regions of Europe from the averaged data in Table 3. In some of our analyses ( Table 1A), western Europe <17 E (Table 1B), and eastern Europe >17 E ( Table 1C).…”

Solar UV Doses of Adult Americans and Vitamin D3Production

“…We normalized the data from MacLaughlin and Holick (1985) 51 using the American children (0-20 yr) because they have the highest capacity to make vitamin D 3 (100% or 1.0). Compared to American children (<22 yr), the youngest adult Americans (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) Fig. 2B).…”

“…An evaluation of the vitamin D status of adult Americans (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59), 60+ yr) show many have deficient or insufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, indicating they are not getting enough from dietary sources or sunlight. those findings are in conflict with calculated values from the American Academy of Dermatology who insist people make "ample" vitamin D 3 (≥1,000 IU/day) from their "casual," or everyday, outdoor UV exposures even if they use sunscreens with sun protection factor 15. objective: We investigated this situation using the everyday outdoor UV doses of indoor-working adult Americans (~7,000) in the north (45°N) and south (35°N) to calculate how much vitamin D 3 they produce each season with and without vacationing.…”