In vitro biological effects of magnetic nanoparticles

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential for a wide use in various biomedical applications due to their unusual properties. It is critical for many applications that the biological effects of nanoparticles are studied in depth. To date, many disparate results can be found in the literature regarding nanoparticle-biological factors interactions. This review highlights recent developments in this field with particular focuses on in vitro MNPs-cell interactions. The effect of MNPs properties on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity evaluation of MNPs were discussed. Some employed methods are also included. Moreover, nanoparticle-cell interactions are mediated by the presence of proteins absorbed from biological fluids on the nanoparticle. Many questions remain on the effect of nanoparticle surface (in addition to nanoparticle size) on protein adsorption. We review papers related to this point too. The current development of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) requires a better understanding of its biological effects. A great deal of work has been conducted to study MNPsbiological factors interactions. Many researchers bend themselves to in vitro cell-based assessment. In this work, the current knowledge of how the in vitro cultured cells can interact with the exposed colloid MNPs is discussed as well as the effect of nanoparticle size and surface properties on cell responses. The specific cell line selected for in vitro assay is intended to model a response or phenomenon likely observed or sensitized by particles in vivo. Here, the frequent lack of consistency or predictability between in vitro models and in vivo observations, which is because of the different biological conditions particles exposed to and the changed cell phenotype against primary cell types, is out of our consideration. As we have known, cell monocultures as measured by in vitro assays rarely react in such isolated pathways in native tissues comprosed of multiple, dynamically communicative cell types that produce non-linear and correlated response to foreign materials.Adsorption of proteins onto the nanoparticle surface happens immediately after particles come in contact with a biological fluid, and it is the proteins associate with nanoparticles, leading to a protein "corona" which defines the biological identity of the particle. Here, we also try to review some current work on associated protein "corona" when nanoparticles were incubated in biological medium.

Characterization of interaction of magnetic nanoparticles with breast cancer cells

“…Size, shape and charge of iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as cell type, are important parameters which affect effective internalization of nanoparticles into cells in culture [ 13 - 16 ]. It has been well documented that positively charged magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) showed a higher degree of internalization than neutral and negatively charged MNP due to their effective attachment to negatively charged cell-membrane surface [ 3 , 14 , 16 ].…”

“…Size, shape and charge of iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as cell type, are important parameters which affect effective internalization of nanoparticles into cells in culture [ 13 - 16 ]. It has been well documented that positively charged magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) showed a higher degree of internalization than neutral and negatively charged MNP due to their effective attachment to negatively charged cell-membrane surface [ 3 , 14 , 16 ]. Although there are somewhat contradictory findings about cytotoxicity levels between positively or negatively charged nanoparticles [ 3 , 17 - 19 ], the latter ones are favored due to their overall lower toxicity levels.…”

Adaptive Materials Based on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration

“…In addition to organic matrix, inorganic matrixes such as silica, gold, and calcium phosphate could also be available for the synthesis of such core‐shell structure. And the coating layers can also be chemically or physically handled for conjugation with targeting molecules (i. e., ligands, antibodies, and aptamers) to specific binding with receptors, and loading therapeutic agents including drug chemical molecules, proteic and genetic materials for certain medical purpose . Figure illustrates simplified schematic of IONPs.…”

Synthesis, characterization and use of iron oxide nano particles for antibacterial activity

“…Therefore, NPs are less prone to bacterial resistance than antibiotics (Wang et al, ). Biocompatibility and magnetic properties of IONPs make it promising material against every type of pathogens (Li, Chen, & Gu, ). In addition, positive surface charge of the metal NPs promote their binding to the negatively charge surface of bacteria which enhance antimicrobial activity of IONPs (Seil & Webster, ).…”