In vitro algicidal effect of polypyrrole on Prototheca species isolates from bovine mastitisAlgicidal activity of polypyrrole on Prototheca spp.

Abstract

Algae of the genus Prototheca are microorganisms involved in the occurrence of diseases in humans and animals. In bovine species, Prototheca spp. cause environmental mastitis, productive losses in dairy herds, mainly leading to the discard of infected cows. Currently, there are no effective anti-Prototheca spp. drugs to combat this infection. Thus, the search for an efficacious therapy for Prototheca spp. infections have become essential. Highly soluble polypyrrole (Ppy) is a molecule with known antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to characterize Prototheca spp. isolates from bovine mastitis as well as to evaluate the susceptibility profile and to verify the morphological alterations on Prototheca spp. isolates treated with Ppy. In this research, 36 Brazilian isolates of Prototheca spp. were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) assay for the mitochondrial cytB gene. Additionally, Ppy algicidal activity against these isolates of Prototheca spp. was assessed by minimal microbicidal concentration method in microplates. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed in order to verify the morphological alterations on Prototheca spp. isolates in response to Ppy. The isolates were characterized as belonging to Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 (35/36) and Prototheca blaschkeae (1/36). Ppy had an algicidal effect on all isolates tested at concentrations ranging from 15.625 μg ml−1 to 62.5 μg ml−1. SEM showed changes on planktonic and sessile P. zopfii, including a decrease of the number of cells with the presence of an amorphous substance involving the cells. The algicidal activity of Ppy suggests the therapeutic potential of this molecule in the prevention and treatment of Prototheca spp. in bovine mastitis.

Activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles against isolates of Prototheca species from bovine mastitis

“…Intrinsic resistance of Prototheca spp. to antimicrobials has promoted studies with new molecules (Jagielski et al 2018;Ely et al 2020;Morello et al 2020). In this regard, nanostructure compounds have been used to control antimicrobial infections due to their significant efficiency (Ianiski et al 2022).…”

“…Thirty-one isolates were characterized as P. bovis and one as P. blaschkeae (Sistema Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Gen etico e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado -SisGen no. A4E9650) (Ely et al 2020).…”

“…Prototheca are unicellular, microscopic and achlorophyll algae (Pore et al 1983) that can cause infections in humans and animals (Todd et al 2018). Prototheca bovis (previously P. zopfii genotype 2) and Prototheca blaschkeae cause intramammary infections in cattle (Ricchi et al 2013;Todd et al 2018;Ely et al 2020;Li et al 2021) and the lack of effective treatment causes significant economic losses in dairy farms (Milanov et al 2016;Todd et al 2018).…”

“…Researches have investigated the potential of various antimicrobial substances against Prototheca spp. with limited success (Grzesiak et al 2016;Jagielski et al 2018;Ely et al 2020). A novel candidate may be silver nanoparticles (AgNP) that have high therapeutic potential.…”

Nanotechnology in veterinary medicine: a review

“…These include antineoplastic drugs (HOFHEINZ et al, 2005), antimicrobials (CORDEIRO et al, 2000), analgesics (ROSE et al, 2005), and anti-inflammatory drugs (METSELAAR et al, 2003). In veterinary medicine, nanoparticles of various substances have been tested for antibacterial (OLIVEIRA et al, 2013;SAGAVE et al, 2015;JAGUEZESKI et al, 2019;ACOSTA et al, 2020), antiviral (GREENWOOD et al, 2008ZHAO et al, 2016;ZHAO et al, 2018), anthelmintic (KHAN et al, 2015TOMAR et al, 2017;REHMAN et al, 2019), antiprotozoal (KROUBI et al, 2010HASSAN et al, 2019), antifungal (BANSOD et al, 2015, antioomycetes (VALENTE et al, 2016;VALENTE et al, 2019;VALENTE et al, 2020), anti-algae (JAGIELSKI et al, 2018;ELy et al, 2020), andantineoplastic (ROCHA et al, 2019) activities.…”