In‐Situ Triphasic Engineering of Few‐Layer Borophene/Graphene Hybrid with a Binary MOF for Flexible and High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Supercapacitor

Abstract

Advancing high‐performance, compact, and flexible energy storage devices is essential for the progress of next‐generation wearable electronics. In this study, a ternary hybrid electrode is fabricated by integrating few‐layered Borophene nanosheets with amine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (Amine‐rGO), followed by the in‐situ growth of NiCo‐MOF. The synthesized composite takes advantage of the rigidity and high surface area of Borophene, the pseudocapacitive behavior of NiCo‐MOF, and the structural flexibility and electrical conductivity of amine‐rGO to enhance overall electrochemical performance. A flexible interdigitated Na‐ion hybrid capacitor is constructed employing the amine‐graphene/Borophene (AGB) composite as the anode and AGB/NiCo MOF as the cathode, with a PVA–NaOH gel electrolyte. The device delivers an output of 1.4 V, reaching a high volumetric energy density of 4.92 mWh cm −3 at a power density of 78.3 mW cm −3 , and sustains 1.85 mWh cm −3 at 1566.4 W cm −3 . It retains 86% of its original capacitance after 20 000 cycles and remains electrochemically stable under repeated mechanical bending and twisting, highlighting its mechanical durability. Moreover, the device showcases practical functionality by lighting a red light‐emitting diode (LED). This study establishes an efficient and scalable approach for employing few‐layered Borophene nanohybrids in flexible Na‐ion interdigitated supercapacitors with enhanced volumetric energy and power densities.

A dual-functional Ni-supramolecular network for durable pseudocapacitive energy storage and portable food dye detection

“…( E in W h kg −1 ) and power density (P.D.) ( P in W kg −1 ) were evaluated using the following eqn (4) and (5): 31,32 …”

A dual-functional Ni-supramolecular network for durable pseudocapacitive energy storage and portable food dye detection

“…( E in W h kg −1 ) and power density (P.D.) ( P in W kg −1 ) were evaluated using the following eqn (4) and (5): 31,32 …”

Making Supercapacitors Higher in Energy Density: Wisdoms on Electrolytes and Device Architecture

“…This structural design significantly reduces the total impedance of the electrode, enabling the full utilization of the high-specific surface area and pseudocapacitive activity of the MOF, thereby comprehensively enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite electrode. In their work, Acharya and coworkers fabricated a high-performance ternary hybrid electrode (Figure 8a) through the in situ growth of NiCo-MOF on a preformed heterostructure of few-layer borophene and amine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (amine-rGO) [266]. Here, the borophene acts as a rigid spacer to prevent graphene restacking and provide high surface area, the NiCo-MOF offers abundant Faradaic reaction sites, and the amine-rGO ensures mechanical integrity and efficient electron transport.…”

A dual-functional Ni-supramolecular network for durable pseudocapacitive energy storage and portable food dye detection

“…( E in W h kg −1 ) and power density (P.D.) ( P in W kg −1 ) were evaluated using the following eqn (4) and (5): 31,32 …”

Making Supercapacitors Higher in Energy Density: Wisdoms on Electrolytes and Device Architecture

“…This structural design significantly reduces the total impedance of the electrode, enabling the full utilization of the high-specific surface area and pseudocapacitive activity of the MOF, thereby comprehensively enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite electrode. In their work, Acharya and coworkers fabricated a high-performance ternary hybrid electrode (Figure 8a) through the in situ growth of NiCo-MOF on a preformed heterostructure of few-layer borophene and amine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (amine-rGO) [266]. Here, the borophene acts as a rigid spacer to prevent graphene restacking and provide high surface area, the NiCo-MOF offers abundant Faradaic reaction sites, and the amine-rGO ensures mechanical integrity and efficient electron transport.…”

A dual-functional Ni-supramolecular network for durable pseudocapacitive energy storage and portable food dye detection

“…( E in W h kg −1 ) and power density (P.D.) ( P in W kg −1 ) were evaluated using the following eqn (4) and (5): 31,32 …”

Making Supercapacitors Higher in Energy Density: Wisdoms on Electrolytes and Device Architecture

“…This structural design significantly reduces the total impedance of the electrode, enabling the full utilization of the high-specific surface area and pseudocapacitive activity of the MOF, thereby comprehensively enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite electrode. In their work, Acharya and coworkers fabricated a high-performance ternary hybrid electrode (Figure 8a) through the in situ growth of NiCo-MOF on a preformed heterostructure of few-layer borophene and amine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (amine-rGO) [266]. Here, the borophene acts as a rigid spacer to prevent graphene restacking and provide high surface area, the NiCo-MOF offers abundant Faradaic reaction sites, and the amine-rGO ensures mechanical integrity and efficient electron transport.…”