In-situ and non-invasive measurement of stem water content of trees using an innovative interdigitated-electrodes dielectric sensor less susceptible to stem diameter variation

Cheng, Xianglin; Yan, Xiaofei; Grantz, David A.; Xiang, Yang; Oliveira, Ricardo Ferraz de; Huang, Lan; Wang, Zhongyi; Du, Taisheng; Cheng, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108473

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Some studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between the impedance of stem tissue and its internal dielectric constant (Tian et al, 2020;. Given that the dielectric constant of water (approximately 81), signi cantly surpasses that of dry stem material or ice (approximately 3) (Cheng et al, 2021), noticeable variations in the dielectric constant of stem tissues occur during phenomena such as water charging and discharging or the mutual transition between liquid water and solid ice, namely freeze-thaw cycles (Zhao et al, 2021b;Tian et al, 2020). Consequently, these alterations induce conspicuous changes in Z l , thereby leading to marked uctuations in U out (Sun et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2016).…”

Section: Research Area and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the variation characteristics and influencing factors of stem water content of Acer truncatum during the overwintering period

Xu,

Zhao

2024

Preprint

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Stem water content is a pivotal parameter that characterizes the vitality of plants and maintains their internal water balance. Given the insufficient comprehension regarding the stem water content characteristics and its influencing factors during different stages of the overwintering period, the study, focusing on Acer truncatum., developed an Internet of Things (IoT)-based ecological information monitoring system. The system incorporated a proprietary stem water content sensor, allowing non-invasive, in-situ and real time acquisition of stem water content while monitoring diverse environmental parameters. We conducted a detailed elucidation of stem water content variation characteristics and its responses to diverse environmental factors. The results shouwed: (1) During the overwintering period, stem water content exhibited diurnal variations characterized by " daytime ascent and nighttime descent" across the three stages, exhibiting differences in the moment when the stem water content reaching extremal values and daily fluctuations ranges. Stem water content exhibited minimal fluctuations during deciduous and bud-breaking stages but experienced significant freezing-thawing alternations during the dormant stage, leading to increased daily fluctuation range. (2) Pearson correlation coefficients between environmental parameters and stem water content varied dynamically across stages. Path analysis revealed: during the deciduous stage, stem temperature and saturation vapor pressure deficit were dominant factors influencing stem water content; during dormant stage, air temperature and saturation vapor pressure deficit directly impacted stem water content; during the bud-breaking stage, the primary parameters affecting stem water content were saturation vapor pressure deficit and stem temperature. The study provides valuable insights into unveiling the water transport patterns within tree stems tissue and their environmental adaptation mechanisms during the overwintering period, aiding in the scientific development of winter management strategies to protect trees from severe cold and freezing damage, while fostering healthy growth in the subsequent year.

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Section: Research Area and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the variation characteristics and influencing factors of stem water content of Acer truncatum during the overwintering period

Xu,

Zhao

2024

Preprint

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“…Another device used was the DS18B20 sensor, which measures temperature with an accuracy of ±0.5°C [39] and checks for temperature variation in the ultrasonic sensor measurement reading, improving the accuracy of ultrasonic distance measurement [40,41].…”

Section: Figure 2 Computer System Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Level Measurement System in Oil Storage. Python, Lab-Based Scale

Escandón-Panchana¹,

Morante-Carballo²,

Herrera-Franco³

et al. 2022

MMEP

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Refineries, fuel depots, airports and storage terminals commonly use fluid level measurement in storage tanks. Different fluid level measurement techniques and devices differ in the inaccuracy of measurement results, costs, and company needs. In addition, these measurements seek reliability of measurement data, immediate response times, control in operations, oil movement, custody transfer and inventory control. The objective is to develop a computer system for measuring fluid levels in oil storage tanks, using ultrasonic and temperature sensors, creating a web application for an automated measurement system (SAM) for managing volumes of Petroleum. The study methodology is i) Analysis of measurement reports. ii) Selection of physical components of the computer system. iii) SAM algorithm design and web application, and iv) Validate the system. The SAM application developed in open source proposes functional modules for administration, control, security, management and monitoring of storage tanks, the status of physical components and generation of dynamic reports in real-time. The results show the control characteristics of storage tanks such as maximum and minimum volume, temperature, time, precise data records in less time than certain current computer structures.

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“…Capacitive sensing by rapidly charging and discharging a positive ground electrode (capacitor) has gained increasing importance in the last decades in the industrial and automotive sectors. Its application to detect moisture content in materials (i.e., wood) and soils has been proven to be effective [24,[32][33][34][35][36]; however, its application to tree physiology is still under exploration [16,24,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and there are limited articles available on simultaneous stem water detection with sap flow monitoring at the same timescale [12,25,44,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Continuous Stem Water Content and Sap Flux Density Monitoring: IoT-Based Solution for Detecting Changes in Stem Water Dynamics

Asgharinia

Leberecht

Marchesini

et al. 2022

Forests

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Taking advantage of novel IoT technologies, a new multifunctional device, the “TreeTalker”, was developed to monitor real-time ecophysical and biological parameters of individual trees, as well as climatic variables related to their surrounding environment, principally, air temperature and air relative humidity. Here, IoT applied to plant ecophysiology and hydrology aims to unravel the vulnerability of trees to climatic stress via a single tree assessment at costs that enable massive deployment. We present the performance of the TreeTalker to elucidate the functional relation between the stem water content in trees and respective internal/external (stem hydraulic activity/abiotic) drivers. Continuous stem water content records are provided by an in-house-designed capacitance sensor, hosted in the reference probe of the TreeTalker sap flow measuring system, based on the transient thermal dissipation (TTD) method. In order to demonstrate the capability of the TreeTalker, a three-phase experimental process was performed including (1) sensor sensitivity analysis, (2) sensor calibration, and (3) long-term field data monitoring. A negative linear correlation was demonstrated under temperature sensitivity analysis, and for calibration, multiple linear regression was applied on harvested field samples, explaining the relationship between the sample volumetric water content and the sensor output signal. Furthermore, in a field scenario, TreeTalkers were mounted on adult Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus petraea L. trees, from June 2020 to October 2021, in a beech-dominated forest near Marburg, Germany, where they continuously monitored sap flux density and stem volumetric water content (stem VWC). The results show that the range of stem VWC registered is highly influenced by the seasonal variability of climatic conditions. Depending on tree characteristics, edaphic and microclimatic conditions, variations in stem VWC and reactions to atmospheric events occurred. Low sapwood water storage occurs in response to drought, which illustrates the high dependency of trees on stem VWC under water stress. Consistent daily variations in stem VWC were also clearly detectable. Stem VWC constitutes a significant portion of daily transpiration (using TreeTalkers, up to 4% for the beech forest in our experimental site). The diurnal–nocturnal pattern of stem VWC and sap flow revealed an inverse relationship. Such a finding, still under investigation, may be explained by the importance of water recharge during the night, likely due to sapwood volume changes and lateral water distribution rather than by a vertical flow rate. Overall, TreeTalker demonstrated the potential of autonomous devices for monitoring sap density and relative stem VWC in the field of plant ecophysiology and hydrology.

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In-situ and non-invasive measurement of stem water content of trees using an innovative interdigitated-electrodes dielectric sensor less susceptible to stem diameter variation

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Study on the variation characteristics and influencing factors of stem water content of Acer truncatum during the overwintering period

Study on the variation characteristics and influencing factors of stem water content of Acer truncatum during the overwintering period

Fluid Level Measurement System in Oil Storage. Python, Lab-Based Scale

Towards Continuous Stem Water Content and Sap Flux Density Monitoring: IoT-Based Solution for Detecting Changes in Stem Water Dynamics

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