1999
DOI: 10.1007/pl00005490
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Abstract: Cigarette smoking, like other forms of drug dependence, is characterized by rapid loss of subjective value for delayed outcomes, particularly for the drug of dependence. Never- and ex-smokers could discount similarly because cigarette smoking is associated with a reversible increase in discounting or due to selection bias.

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Cited by 1,242 publications
(1,193 citation statements)
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References 41 publications
(51 reference statements)
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“…(1999) showed that substance abusers discounted delayed outcomes at greater rates than non-abusers. Similar findings have been reported with abusers of nicotine (Bickel et al, 1999), opioids (Madden et al, 1997), and alcohol (Petry, 2001;Vuchinich and Simpson, 1998). Despite the fact that a correlation between drug abuse (and other behaviors often characterized as impulsive) and delay discounting has been demonstrated, it is not clear whether increased delay discounting underlies drug abuse and other disorders or if long-term exposure to drugs or other variables underlie increased delay discounting.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 59%
“…(1999) showed that substance abusers discounted delayed outcomes at greater rates than non-abusers. Similar findings have been reported with abusers of nicotine (Bickel et al, 1999), opioids (Madden et al, 1997), and alcohol (Petry, 2001;Vuchinich and Simpson, 1998). Despite the fact that a correlation between drug abuse (and other behaviors often characterized as impulsive) and delay discounting has been demonstrated, it is not clear whether increased delay discounting underlies drug abuse and other disorders or if long-term exposure to drugs or other variables underlie increased delay discounting.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 59%
“…As Bickel et al (1999) pointed out, the similarity of discounting by ex-smokers and never-smokers could mean that just as those who discount more steeply may be more likely to become smokers, of those who smoke, those who discount least steeply may be the most likely to quit. Petry's (2001 a) finding that currently abstinent alcoholics show rates of discounting intermediate between those of currently drinking alcoholics and nonalcoholic controls is also consistent with the idea that discounting rates may predict success at giving up cigarettes and alcohol, but as yet this hypothesis has not been specifically tested.…”
Section: Applications To Group Differencesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Using continuous performance and go/no-go tasks, Bekker et al (2005), by contrast, recently reported only minimal enhancing effects of nicotine on response inhibition in abstinent smokers. Elsewhere, others have demonstrated that current smokers are also more likely than non-smokers to favour small but immediate monetary rewards over larger but delayed rewards, a pattern of responding often characterised as 'impulsive' (Bickel et al 1999;Mitchell 1999). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%