Improving time and space resolution of SMOS salinity maps using multifractal fusion

A Comparison of Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Salinity and Salt Fluxes in the Southern Ocean

“…The L-band radiometer at low sea surface temperatures has previously been noted to have low sensitivity in the high latitudes [38]. Previous SMOS products discussed SDs between 0.4 and 0.5 psu for the different basins of the Southern Ocean [39], values much larger than those of the current unbiased SMOS product [29]. Our analysis indicates that the monthly SO SD differences is below previous Table 3 estimates, but regionally has mean differences and standard deviations greater than 0.5 psu.…”

“…SMOS has previously been found to exhibit bias: significant freshening in coastal areas, over-estimation of salinity in high southern latitudes and near the sea ice due to low temperatures, and in the presence of strong winds [18,20,21]. In this study, the operational version 2.0 L3 unbiased binned product from the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) [29] at monthly 1°× 1°resolution is used. This product is computed from the SMOS ESA version 6.22 SSS and empirically debiased using climatology to correct for land-sea contamination [29].…”

“…In this study, the operational version 2.0 L3 unbiased binned product from the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) [29] at monthly 1°× 1°resolution is used. This product is computed from the SMOS ESA version 6.22 SSS and empirically debiased using climatology to correct for land-sea contamination [29]. This SMOS product should allow for reduced errors commonly found within the high latitudes and areas with strong surface currents (i.e., Malvinas Current region).…”

In Situ and Satellite Sea Surface Salinity in the Algerian Basin Observed through ABACUS Glider Measurements and BEC SMOS Regional Products

“…On the eastern side, the glider reached and monitored (9-12 November) the border of an anticyclonic eddy moving away eastwards ( Figure 13); SMOS maps seem to capture well part of the local variability as observed in situ (Figure 3d). On the western side, a cyclonic eddy was entirely crossed by the ABACUS glider (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) up to its border region, with another anticyclonic structure (hit on 26 November) detaching from the AC (Figure 13). Although the general salinity pattern was captured (Figure 14), in this case, both L3 and L4 SMOS SSS largely underestimated glider measurements (Figure 3d).…”

“…Nevertheless, evident biases were found when analyzing SSS values in comparison with Argo floats. To overcome these problems, a new set of SMOS SSS enhanced products [27] has been obtained at the Barcelona Expert Center (BEC) through a combination of debiased non-Bayesian retrieval [28], deletion of time-dependent residual biases by means of DINEOF (data interpolating empirical orthogonal functions) [29], and multifractal fusion with high resolution sea surface temperature (OSTIA SST) maps [30].…”