“…These methods consist of location measurement methods (e.g., triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity), distance measurement methods (e.g., angle of arrival (AOA), received signal strength indication (RSSI), time of arrival (TOA), and time difference of arrival (TDOA)), and technologies (e.g., Infrared, IEEE 802.11, Ultrasonic, ultra wide band (UWB), and RFID). These methods have problems, such as multi-path, obstacle (shadow area), and signal loss [20,21].…”