Improvement of Milk Fatty Acid Composition for Production of Functional Milk by Dietary Phytoncide Oil Extracted from Discarded Pine Nut Cones (Pinus koraiensis) in Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the effects of adding phytoncide oil extracted from Korean pine nut cone byproduct to the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and compositions, fatty acid characteristics, complete blood count and stress response. A total of 74 Holstein cows were used for 30 days and divided into two groups. Each group was given a basal diet (C) or an experimental diet containing phytoncide additives at 0.016% (T) in feed. The results showed that phytoncide feeding had no effect on milk yield. In addition, there were no observed effects on milk composition, but the ratio of fatty acid in milk was significantly affected by the phytoncide diet, and it showed a positive effect. Not only were the major functional fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid increased, but also ω6:ω3 fatty acid ratio was reduced in milk of T group (p<0.05). In blood analysis, the complete blood count showed no significant difference between C and T group on all parameters. However, the cortisol concentration was significantly decreased in T group compared to control (p<0.05). Taken together, we suggest that phytoncide oil does not have a great influence on the physiological changes, but can be a potential feed additive that improves the milk fatty acid and stress resilience in dairy cows. In addition, it will contribute to the development of feed resource, a reduction in feed cost and a lessening of environmental pollution.

Effect of supplementing Moringa oleifera essential oils on milk quality and fatty acid profile in dairy sheep

“…The proportions of CLA produced in milk depend mainly on the diets that are fed (Kim et al 2016). This can be explained by use of food by microbes in the rumen and the modification of the proportions of acetate and propionate in the rumen which reflects on the proper digestion of the fibers in the presence of Moringa oleifera in the ration (Belhi et al, 2018).…”

Production of omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids from hydrolysis of vegetable oils and animal fat with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides lipase

“…The results on fatty acid compositions of the oils herein studied demonstrated the potential of the enzyme pool utilized to produce concentrates containing high amounts of essential fatty acids, important for human health. Omega 3 such as a-linolenic acid (C18:3) and omega 6 such as linoleic acid (C18:2) are essential fatty acid because mammals are unable to metabolically introduce double bonds at positions omega 3 and 6 of fatty acids carbonic chains [29]. Therefore, the source of these nutrients comes exclusively from food.…”

Development of Industrially Scalable Method for Phospholipids and Branch‐Chain Fatty Acids of Dairy by‐Product

“…Lopez et al (2008) reported about 1.5% 23:0 in MFGM of cream. Park et al (2014), Schwendel et al (2015), Frelich et al (2009), and Kim et al (2016) also reported 23:0 in milk fat samples. It is also interesting that the BCFA were primarily found in the NL band.…”