Improvement of copepod nutritional quality as live food for aquaculture: a review

Rasdi, Nadiah Wan; Qin, Jianguang

doi:10.1111/are.12471

Cited by 83 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(280 reference statements)

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“…This is obtained when the R. salina algae are cultured at saturated irradiances and in nutrient excess condition. Previous studies showed that the increase in PUFA (including SC-PUFA and HUFA) in the algae diet would enhance the egg production and somatic growth of copepods (Rasdi and Qin 2014). Therefore, the relatively higher abundance of PUFA of R. salina cultured in saturated irradiances and in nutrient excess will benefit the performance of copepods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the higher the level of relative abundance of PUFA content (including SC-PUFA and HUFA) in R. salina, the better it can be applied as feed for copepods (reviewed in Rasdi and Qin 2014). This is obtained when the R. salina algae are cultured at saturated irradiances and in nutrient excess condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HUFAs (characterized by a carbon number ≥20 and double bonds ≥3) are synthesized de novo only by photosynthetic organisms (Spector 1999), and are essential dietary nutrients for marine copepods (Fraser et al 1989). HUFAs, with DHA and EPA in particular, appear to be very important in controlling reproduction, growth, and metabolism in copepods (reviewed in Rasdi and Qin 2014). High dietary DHA/ EPA ratios in feed improve survival and reduce time to maturity, increase maturation rate, female length of calanoid copepod species, egg production, and hatching success (Jónasdóttir 1994;Jónasdóttir and Kiørboe 1996;Payne and Rippingale 2000;Arendt et al 2005;Rasdi and Qin 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HUFAs, with DHA and EPA in particular, appear to be very important in controlling reproduction, growth, and metabolism in copepods (reviewed in Rasdi and Qin 2014). High dietary DHA/ EPA ratios in feed improve survival and reduce time to maturity, increase maturation rate, female length of calanoid copepod species, egg production, and hatching success (Jónasdóttir 1994;Jónasdóttir and Kiørboe 1996;Payne and Rippingale 2000;Arendt et al 2005;Rasdi and Qin 2014). The enhanced HUFA content in algae prior to feeding to copepods is recommended as the nutrient content in copepods cannot be manipulated through enrichment techniques due to their avoidance behavior (Rasdi and Qin 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For copepods, microalgae are the only external source of EAA (Wu 2009). AA composition of the algal prey also affects the egg production of the copepods (reviewed in Rasdi and Qin 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of photosynthesis, growth, and biochemical composition of the microalga Rhodomonas salina—an established diet for live feed copepods in aquaculture

Douëtte

Rayner

et al. 2015

J Appl Phycol

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The cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina is widely used as feed for copepod cultures. However, culturing conditions to obtain high-quality algae have not yet been efficiently optimized. Therefore, we aimed to develop a cultivation protocol for R. salina to optimize its nutritional value and provide technical recommendations for later large-scale production in algal photobioreactors. We studied photosynthesis, growth, pigments, fatty acid (FA) and free amino acid (FAA) composition of R. salina cultured at different irradiances (10-300 μmol photons m −2 s −1 ) and nutrient availability (deficiency and excess). The optimal range of irradiance for photosynthesis and growth was 60-100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 . The content of chlorophylls a and c decreased with increasing irradiance while phycoerythrin peaked at irradiances of 40-100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 . The total FA content was maximal at optimal irradiances for growth, especially under nutrient deficiency. However, highly unsaturated fatty acids, desired components for copepods, were higher under nutrient excess. The total FAA content was highest at limiting irradiances (10-40 μmol photons m −2 s −1 ) but a better composition with a higher fraction of essential amino acids was obtained at saturated irradiances (60-140 μmol photons m −2 s −1 ). These results demonstrate that quality and quantity of FA and FAA of R. salina can be optimized by manipulating the irradiance and nutrient conditions. We suggest that R. salina should be cultivated in a range of irradiance 60-100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 and nutrient excess to obtain algae with high production and a balanced biochemical composition as feed for copepods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For copepods, microalgae are the only external source of EAA (Wu 2009). AA composition of the algal prey also affects the egg production of the copepods (reviewed in Rasdi and Qin 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Optimization of photosynthesis, growth, and biochemical composition of the microalga Rhodomonas salina—an established diet for live feed copepods in aquaculture

Douëtte

Rayner

et al. 2015

J Appl Phycol

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Suppression of cannibalism in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus (Mori, 1932) and improvements in population density using artificial substrates

Koga

Takayama

Toda

2022

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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The present study investigated population growth, egg production and cannibalism in the intertidal harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus (Mori, 1932). Copepods were cultured on artificial substrates with different surface areas, from 13.5 × 10 3 to 10.6 × 10 4 mm 2 , to clarify the effect of surface area in a culture vessel on population density.The cannibalism rate at a surface area of 10.6 × 10 4 mm 2 was significantly lower (by a sixth) than that at 13.5 × 10 3 mm 2 . These results suggest that artificial substrates play a role in preventing cannibalism by providing shelter and can increase the stocking population density of T. japonicus in a vessel.

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Development of the digestive system of Argentine hake, Merluccius hubbsi, larvae

Cohen

Diaz

Díaz

2020

Journal of Morphology

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The Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi is an important fishery resource of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean and it is also a potential species for cultivation. In this work,the digestive system development in field-caught hake larvae was studied using histological and histochemical approaches. The digestive tract of larvae was divided into: oropharyngeal cavity (OPC), esophagus, stomach (that develops in the preflexion stage), and intestine. The annexed digestive glands consisted of the liver and the exocrine pancreas. At the beginning of the preflexion stage, teeth were developed in the OPC. There were mucous cells in the esophagus secreting different glycoconjugates from hatching. The enterocytes in the posterior intestine exhibited supranuclear vesicles associated with protein absorption. Mucous cells were observed in the posterior intestine in the preflexion stage and, in the anterior region, ending the flexion stage. Each type of glycoconjugates has a specific role. Acidic mucins lubricate and protect from mechanical damage, sialomucines protect from bacterial infections and neutral mucins regulate the acidity of mucus secretion, protect against abrasion and participate in the formation of the chyme, indicating a pregastric digestion. The liver was present since hatching with pancreatic tissue inside and increased in size acquiring the typical structure with hepatocyte cords, sinusoids, vacuoles, and hepatic duct. The hepatocytes vacuolization increased with larval development. The pancreas became extra-hepatic, with basophilic acinar cells and acidophilic zymogen granules. Throughout the ontogeny, the increased structural and functional complexity of the digestive system reflected the transition to exogenous feeding and nutritional increasing needs. K E Y W O R D S histochemistry, histology, ontogeny

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Improvement of copepod nutritional quality as live food for aquaculture: a review

Cited by 83 publications

References 197 publications

Optimization of photosynthesis, growth, and biochemical composition of the microalga Rhodomonas salina—an established diet for live feed copepods in aquaculture

Optimization of photosynthesis, growth, and biochemical composition of the microalga Rhodomonas salina—an established diet for live feed copepods in aquaculture

Suppression of cannibalism in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus (Mori, 1932) and improvements in population density using artificial substrates

Development of the digestive system of Argentine hake, Merluccius hubbsi, larvae

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