Improvement in Texture of Pressure-Assisted Thermally Processed Carrots by Combined Pretreatment using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The effect of pretreatment pressure (0.1 to 400 MPa), temperature (25 to 75°C), and calcium chloride concentration (0 to 1.5%) and their complex interaction on hardness, residual pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity, and diffused calcium content of pressure-assisted thermal processed (PATP, 700 MPa, 105°C for 15 min) carrot have been studied using response surface methodology. Predicted values of carrot hardness, calcium content, and residual PME activity were found to be in good agreement with experimental values as indicated by the high R 2 values of 0.98, 0.96 and 0.96, respectively. The optimum processing conditions, namely, calcium chloride concentration 1.0%; pretreatment pressure ranging from 286 to 314 MPa; pretreatment temperature varying from 53.8 to 58.3°C, fulfill the conditions to obtain the PATP carrot with hardness ≥145 N, calcium content≥2.5 mg/g, and residual PME activity≥70%. These conditions resulted in more than tenfold increase in the hardness of PATP carrot (14.08 to 145 N) as compared to PATP carrot without any pretreatment. The study demonstrated that response surface methodology can be used for modeling carrot quality parameters of PATP.

Combined effects of high-pressure and enzymatic treatments on the hydrolysis of chickpea protein isolates and antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates

“…Most often, these techniques can compete with conventional heat treatment to reduce microbial populations or improve the nutritional and sensorial properties of food as a raw product (Nguyen, Rastogi, & Balasubramaniam, 2007;Rastogi, Nguyen, Jiang, & Balasubramaniam, 2010;Van der Plancken, Van Loey, & Hendrickx, 2005). Recently, the HHP technique has been used in the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins to enhance the proteolysis reaction.…”

Emerging technique for healthier frying for production of reduced-fat beetroot (Beta vulgaris) chips

“…The ANOVA for the data obtained using CCRD indicated that the sum of squares due to regression (first and second-order terms) were significant ( Table 4). The high values of coefficient of determination (R 2 , Rastogi et al 2010). …”

“…The contour plots were superimposed (Fig. 3) and the regions that the best satisfied of all the constraints were selected as the optimum conditions and based on that a combination (A, B, C and D) are selected from the shaded area (Table 6) (Rastogi et al 2010;Priyanka et al 2013). Superimposition of contour plots indicated that time 6 min, temperature 101-106°C and absolute pressure 2.51-3.97 kPa fulfilled the above mentioned criteria for optimization.…”

Enrichment of Rice Bran Oil with α-Linolenic Acid by Enzymatic Acidolysis: Optimization of Parameters by Response Surface Methodology

“…It also provides comprehensive and informative insight of the system, which leads to process optimization rapidly. The specifications necessary for each response were first set and these also served as constraints for optimization (Floros and Chinnan 1988;Rastogi et al 2009). An acceptable compromise was made following the criteria for the percentage incorporation of n-3 fatty acid ≤18%, ratio of SFA/PUFA ≥0.42, ratio of MUFA/PUFA ≥0.8, and ratio of n-6 to n-3 ≥1.30.…”