Growing energy demand and environmental concerns have led to an increased interest in renewable energy resources to provide a sustainable and low carbon emission energy supply. Among these renewable energy resources, photovoltaic (PV) systems have been the focus of many scientific researchers. The most vital component of a PV system that needs to be improved is the power converter. Grid-tied transformer-less inverters have gained a lot of interest in recent years because of their higher efficiency, reduced volume and lower cost compared to traditional line transformer inverters. This dissertation discusses single-phase transformer-less inverter challenges and provides solutions that could lead to a next generation, high performance, grid-connected, single-phase transformer-less inverter. A new topology with new current paths is proposed to increase efficiency and reduce the leakage current. A comparison study of the proposed topology and multiple transformer-less inverters is carried out in terms of leakage current, power losses and efficiency. This dissertation also investigates the impact of emerging Gallium Nitride (GaN)based power devices on a single-phase transformer-less inverter in terms of efficiency, high switching frequency capability, volume and cooling efforts. GaN device structure, as well as static and dynamic characterization, are discussed. Furthermore, this dissertation studies GaN power devices' reverse conduction capability to provide the proposed inverter with reactive power control. Existing PWM I would like to start by expressing my deepest gratitude and appreciation to my advisor Dr. Mohammad Matin for his support, advice and encouragement throughout this research. His mentorship and experienced guidance helped me strengthen my research skills. His valuable insight, motivation, and enthusiasm were the most important assets that led to the completion of this research. I also would like to express my sincere appreciation to my dissertation committee members: Dr. Wenzhong Gao, Dr. Amin Khodaei, and Dr. Shimelis Assefa for their invaluable suggestions, comments and advice that helped me throughout my research progress. My deepest thanks, gratitude, and respect go to my parents for a lifetime of unfailing love, encouragement, support and patience. Finally, I would like to thank my loving wife for her endless caring, understanding, and patience during my PhD study. vi