Improved uptake and bioavailability of cinnamaldehyde via solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery

Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Transport across Intestinal Tissue: An Oral Delivery Perspective

“…172 SLNs 44 nm in size and with −27 mV charge were assessed for oral absorption of cinnamaldehyde and were taken up via caveolae-mediated endocytosis. 173 Antileishmanial drugs, Amphotericin B and Paromomycin, were encapsulated into modified SLNs, with researchers identifiying that their endocytosis occurred via caveolae-mediated micropinocytic and macropinocytic pathways. 174 Zheng et al recently reported the entry of insulin-loaded 145 nm SLNs into intestinal epithelial cells through caveolae-mediated endocytosis and CME.…”

“…More recently, investigations using advanced imaging have allowed scientists to visualize the nanoparticle pathway leading to and after internalization. Here, we summarize some of the main model systems used in the field and refer readers to several complete review articles that cover various models of the intestine, including animal and ex vivo, − 2D and 3D in vitro, ,, human enteroid, and microfluidic models …”

“…Delivery of Darunavir with SLNs induced the same pathway for cellular uptake in Caco-2 cells . SLNs 44 nm in size and with −27 mV charge were assessed for oral absorption of cinnamaldehyde and were taken up via caveolae-mediated endocytosis . Antileishmanial drugs, Amphotericin B and Paromomycin, were encapsulated into modified SLNs, with researchers identifiying that their endocytosis occurred via caveolae-mediated micropinocytic and macropinocytic pathways .…”

“…Macropinocytosis facilitates the uptake of extracellular fluids and their contents nonspecifically and contributes to the internalization of cellular fragments after apoptosis, along with whole or fragmented viruses and bacteria . In the presence of an external stimulus, receptor tyrosine kinases activate actin polymerization, which ultimately creates plasma membrane ruffles and macropinosomes . Macropinosome-mediated endocytosis is distinct from other endocytic pathways due to its ability to engulf large particles, including those in the micrometer range. , Earlier studies suggested that the uptake of positively charged particles occurs mainly via macropinocytosis; however, 200 nm carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles have been shown to be transcytosed across Caco-2 cells via macropinocytosis .…”

The role and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde in cancer

“…These findings indicate the necessity for additional research to enhance the delivery and stability of CA for potential therapeutic uses. For instance, solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery could improve uptake and bioavailability of CA [ 147 ]. Additionally, studies have suggested that CA might alter the composition of the gut microbiota, which could have implications for its anti-cancer effects.…”