Background: The multimeric DNA-dependent RNA polymerases are widespread throughout nature. The RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli, which is the most well characterized, consists of a holoenzyme with subunit stoichiometry of ␣ 2  0 . The  subunit is conserved and has been implicated in all stages of transcription. The extreme C-terminus of the  subunit, which includes two well-conserved sequence segments, contributes to the active centre and has been proposed to act in transcriptional termination. We describe a genetic system for further characterizing the role of the extreme Cterminus of the  subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase. This involves random, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)-mediated mutagenesis of the 3 0 region of rpoB encoding the C-terminal 116 amino acids of , followed by the isolation and characterization of trans-dominant-negative mutations.