Improved electrode characteristics of olivine–LiCoPO4 processed by high energy milling

Impedance studies on the 5-V cathode material, LiCoPO4

“…The potential instability was detected at the charge plateau which is probably caused by the additional electrochemical process, namely, by the decomposition of electrolyte or corrosion of current collectors [25][26][27]. Rabanal et al [28] and Fu et al [6] reported that the presence of carbon additives in the grinding media which enables a good carbon coating of LiCoPO 4 will help in improving the reversible capacity by improving the interparticle and intraparticle electronic conductivity. In order to ascertain the influence mechanical mixing (ball milling), we studied the charge-discharge cycling of the ball-milled LiCoPO 4 and the plots are shown in Fig.…”

High Voltage Cathode Materials

“…The electrical conductivity of LCP and mixed (Co, Ni), (Co, Mn) compounds [167,168] has been measured, and also that of doped LCP as well [183] aiming to improve it. LCP, like LNP, has low electron conductivity, so that its use as the cathodic material is possible only in the case of synthesis of the LiCoPO 4 /C composite [155,184]. Such composites can be discharged at the potentials of 4.7-4.8 V. and their initial discharge capacity is close to the theoretical one, 167 mAh g −1 .…”

“…Synthetic methods include solid state reaction with a final heat treatment at 775°C for 48 h in argon [145,[147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154], ball milling mixing carbon with the precursors [155], freeze-drying process assisted by formic acid [156], polyvinyl-pyrrolidone assisted sol-gel route [157], precipitation method [158], Pechini method [159,160], polyol method using 1,2 propanediol and ethylene glycol [161], thin film deposition [158]. LCP powders were prepared by an original solid-state synthesis procedure based on the use of an alternative cobalt-containing precursor CoNH 4 PO 4 and a lithium excess synthesis with carbon black as temporal dispersing agent, later eliminated as CO 2 [162].…”

Polyanionic Compounds as Cathode Materials

“…Synthetic methods include solid state reaction with a final heat treatment at 775 C for 48 h in argon [166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173], ball milling mixing carbon with the precursors [174], freeze-drying process assisted by formic acid [175], polyvinyl-pyrrolidone assisted sol-gel route [176], precipitation method [177], Pechini method [178,179], polyol method using 1,2 propanediol and ethylene glycol [180], thin film deposition [181]. LCP powders were prepared by an original solid-state synthesis procedure based on the use of an alternative cobaltcontaining precursor CoNH 4 PO 4 and a lithium excess synthesis with carbon black as temporal dispersing agent, later eliminated as CO 2 [181].…”