?Impoverished? and ?enriched? living conditions influence the proliferation and survival of neurons in crayfish brain

Social domination increases neuronal survival in the brain of juvenile crayfishProcambarus clarkii

“…These results are consistent with earlier findings that neurogenesis in crustaceans is plastic, and that it varies with living conditions (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000) and according to circadian and seasonal rhythms (Goergen et al, 2002;Hansen and Schmidt, 2004). …”

“…Cherax Our findings differ in some detail from those reported earlier by the Sandemans (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000) on juvenile crayfish of a different species, Cherax destructor. They compared rates of neurogenesis in juvenile crayfish living communally in a large aquarium with rates of other crayfish in the same aquarium that were newly isolated both physically and socially.…”

“…After BrdU exposure, we found that numerous BrdU+ cells were present in clusters 9 and 10 (Fig.·2A,B), as has been reported previously for juvenile crayfish (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000;Sandeman and Sandeman, 2003). The sets of BrdU+ cells associated with clusters 9 and 10 form a 'comma' shape, consisting of a 'head' and a 'tail' that emerges from the head (Fig.·2A,B) .…”

Social domination increases neuronal survival in the brain of juvenile crayfishProcambarus clarkii

“…These results are consistent with earlier findings that neurogenesis in crustaceans is plastic, and that it varies with living conditions (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000) and according to circadian and seasonal rhythms (Goergen et al, 2002;Hansen and Schmidt, 2004). …”

“…Cherax Our findings differ in some detail from those reported earlier by the Sandemans (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000) on juvenile crayfish of a different species, Cherax destructor. They compared rates of neurogenesis in juvenile crayfish living communally in a large aquarium with rates of other crayfish in the same aquarium that were newly isolated both physically and socially.…”

“…After BrdU exposure, we found that numerous BrdU+ cells were present in clusters 9 and 10 (Fig.·2A,B), as has been reported previously for juvenile crayfish (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000;Sandeman and Sandeman, 2003). The sets of BrdU+ cells associated with clusters 9 and 10 form a 'comma' shape, consisting of a 'head' and a 'tail' that emerges from the head (Fig.·2A,B) .…”

Environmental enrichment influences neuronal stem cells in the adult crayfish brain

“…Further, in CL10 animals, enrichment enhanced BrdU incorporation into the migratory 2 nd generation neuronal precursors; a trend in this direction was also seen in CL 4 crayfish, but this result was not statistically significant. Finally, our results confirm the influence of environment on BrdU incorporation among the 3 rd generation precursors and their descendants in Clusters 9 and 10 previously reported by Sandeman and Sandeman (2000) in ADI Cherax destructor . The present studies utilized larger/older crayfish of two species, P. clarkii and P. acutus , demonstrating that environmental effects on adult neurogenesis in crayfish persist beyond the first adult (ADI) stage.…”

“…Therefore, a second goal was to assess whether environmental enrichment alters the numbers or types of cells circulating in the hemolymph. We find that neurogenesis in the brains of sexually differentiated procambarid crayfish is enhanced by environmental enrichment as previously demonstrated by Sandeman and Sandeman (2000) in young, sexually undifferentiated Cherax destructor . We also show that environmental enrichment increases the cell cycle rate of neuronal stem cells.…”

Social domination increases neuronal survival in the brain of juvenile crayfishProcambarus clarkii

“…These results are consistent with earlier findings that neurogenesis in crustaceans is plastic, and that it varies with living conditions (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000) and according to circadian and seasonal rhythms (Goergen et al, 2002;Hansen and Schmidt, 2004). …”

“…Cherax Our findings differ in some detail from those reported earlier by the Sandemans (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000) on juvenile crayfish of a different species, Cherax destructor. They compared rates of neurogenesis in juvenile crayfish living communally in a large aquarium with rates of other crayfish in the same aquarium that were newly isolated both physically and socially.…”

“…After BrdU exposure, we found that numerous BrdU+ cells were present in clusters 9 and 10 (Fig.·2A,B), as has been reported previously for juvenile crayfish (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000;Sandeman and Sandeman, 2003). The sets of BrdU+ cells associated with clusters 9 and 10 form a 'comma' shape, consisting of a 'head' and a 'tail' that emerges from the head (Fig.·2A,B) .…”

Environmental enrichment influences neuronal stem cells in the adult crayfish brain

“…Further, in CL10 animals, enrichment enhanced BrdU incorporation into the migratory 2 nd generation neuronal precursors; a trend in this direction was also seen in CL 4 crayfish, but this result was not statistically significant. Finally, our results confirm the influence of environment on BrdU incorporation among the 3 rd generation precursors and their descendants in Clusters 9 and 10 previously reported by Sandeman and Sandeman (2000) in ADI Cherax destructor . The present studies utilized larger/older crayfish of two species, P. clarkii and P. acutus , demonstrating that environmental effects on adult neurogenesis in crayfish persist beyond the first adult (ADI) stage.…”

“…Therefore, a second goal was to assess whether environmental enrichment alters the numbers or types of cells circulating in the hemolymph. We find that neurogenesis in the brains of sexually differentiated procambarid crayfish is enhanced by environmental enrichment as previously demonstrated by Sandeman and Sandeman (2000) in young, sexually undifferentiated Cherax destructor . We also show that environmental enrichment increases the cell cycle rate of neuronal stem cells.…”

Social domination increases neuronal survival in the brain of juvenile crayfishProcambarus clarkii

“…These results are consistent with earlier findings that neurogenesis in crustaceans is plastic, and that it varies with living conditions (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000) and according to circadian and seasonal rhythms (Goergen et al, 2002;Hansen and Schmidt, 2004). …”

“…Cherax Our findings differ in some detail from those reported earlier by the Sandemans (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000) on juvenile crayfish of a different species, Cherax destructor. They compared rates of neurogenesis in juvenile crayfish living communally in a large aquarium with rates of other crayfish in the same aquarium that were newly isolated both physically and socially.…”

“…After BrdU exposure, we found that numerous BrdU+ cells were present in clusters 9 and 10 (Fig.·2A,B), as has been reported previously for juvenile crayfish (Sandeman and Sandeman, 2000;Sandeman and Sandeman, 2003). The sets of BrdU+ cells associated with clusters 9 and 10 form a 'comma' shape, consisting of a 'head' and a 'tail' that emerges from the head (Fig.·2A,B) .…”

Environmental enrichment influences neuronal stem cells in the adult crayfish brain

“…Further, in CL10 animals, enrichment enhanced BrdU incorporation into the migratory 2 nd generation neuronal precursors; a trend in this direction was also seen in CL 4 crayfish, but this result was not statistically significant. Finally, our results confirm the influence of environment on BrdU incorporation among the 3 rd generation precursors and their descendants in Clusters 9 and 10 previously reported by Sandeman and Sandeman (2000) in ADI Cherax destructor . The present studies utilized larger/older crayfish of two species, P. clarkii and P. acutus , demonstrating that environmental effects on adult neurogenesis in crayfish persist beyond the first adult (ADI) stage.…”

“…Therefore, a second goal was to assess whether environmental enrichment alters the numbers or types of cells circulating in the hemolymph. We find that neurogenesis in the brains of sexually differentiated procambarid crayfish is enhanced by environmental enrichment as previously demonstrated by Sandeman and Sandeman (2000) in young, sexually undifferentiated Cherax destructor . We also show that environmental enrichment increases the cell cycle rate of neuronal stem cells.…”