Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common hereditary neuropathy. Duplication of the
peripheral myelin protein-22
(
PMP22
) gene is the most frequent genetic abnormality in CMT disease. Although rare compared to
PMP22
gene mutations, many different
myelin protein zero
(
MPZ
) gene mutations have been described in patients with CMT disease.
MPZ
gene mutations are known to cause hereditary neuropathies with heterogenous phenotypes ranging from early-onset severe demyelinating to adult-onset axonal forms. MPZ, the major protein component of peripheral nerve myelin, is important for myelin compaction. We report a family in which a mother and her son, both with adult-onset CMT disease, showed a newly described mutation p.Glu37Lys of the
MPZ
gene. The clinical features of the mother provided insight into the progression of the disease over decades, while features in the early stage of the disease could be studied in the son. Clinical, electrodiagnostic, and sonographic findings are described in the early and late stages of the disease. The
MPZ
gene mutation p.Glu37Lys is associated with clinical features of a progressive axonal type of adult-onset CMT disease.