Implications of fault-valve behaviour for rupture nucleation and recurrence

Sibson, Richard H.

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(92)90065-e

Cited by 713 publications

(483 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Recent models of fault evolution propose a cyclic nature of earthquake faulting processes where faults act as seals during seismic quiescence and as conduit during earthquakes (e.g. Sibson, 1992;Rice, 1992;Sleep and Blanpied, 1992;Caine et al, 1996;Miller et al, 1996;Miller, 2002). The basic assumption is that pore pressure increases within the fault zone during tectonic loading and decreases during faulting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Janssen¹,

Hoffmann‐Rothe²,

Bohnhoff³

et al. 2007

Journal of Geodynamics

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We compare fault-related deformation of three segments of the major transform plate boundary between Africa and the Arabian plate, the Dead Sea Transform (DST), namely: the Arava/Araba fault (Jordan/Israel), the Serghaya fault and the Ghab fault (both Syria). These segments show both similarities and marked differences in faulting deformation and fluid-rock interactions. In the case of the Arava fault, fault damage occurs across a zone up to 300 m wide. A fault core/gouge zone is not exhibited.Along the Serghaya fault, the typical fault zone architecture with a main gouge zone and a damage zone of up to 100 m thickness is exposed. Effects of faulting in the Ghab segment are shown by subsidiary faults and the formation of fault breccias. As in the Arava fault segment, a fault core is not exposed. were active along Serghaya fault and Ghab fault, where fault rock cementation led to * Corresponding author. Fax: +49-331-288-1328, E-mail address: jans@gfz-potsdam.de 2 porosity reduction and lower permeability. Such low permeability could create domains of higher pore fluid pressure, which reduce the effective shear stress required for slip on the fault. These differences in fluid-rock interactions may have played an important role with respect to the occurrence of earthquakes. We suggest that the recurrence interval on a fault segment that recovers after an earthquake without fluid assisted healing (e.g. Arava fault) should be longer than on segments with strong fluidassisted healing (cementation; e.g. Serghaya fault, Ghab fault), given that the regional stress field is the same.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Janssen¹,

Hoffmann‐Rothe²,

Bohnhoff³

et al. 2007

Journal of Geodynamics

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“…Star shows the Kobe mainshock hypocenter. A number of models have been proposed on the role of fluids and high pore pressures in the mechanics of fault slip and the nucleation of earthquakes, e.g., dilatancydiffusion [Nut, 1972]; mineral dehydration [Raleigh, 1977]; frictional heating [Lachenbruch, 1980]; fluid pressure activated fault valves and hydrofracturing [Sibson, 1981[Sibson, , 1992 …”

Section: Hydrological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1995 Kobe earthquake: Seismic image of the source zone and its implications for the rupture nucleation

Zhao¹,

Negishi²

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

112

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“…A frictional strength minimum is, for example, inferred to occur along faults at the top of a suprahydrostatic fluid pressure regime that has developed beneath an impermeable layer [Sibson, 1990]. Although high permeability was shown to exist up to 9 km depth in basement rocks in the German continental deep drilling program (KTB) [ [Hubbert and Rubey, 1959 Sibson, 1986Sibson, , 1990Sibson, , 1992Cox, 1995]. In contrast to an inferred presence of unconsolidated gouge in creeping faults down to the base of the seismogenic regime [Scholz, 1989] …”

Section: Fluid Pressure Levels In Faults and Lithification Of Fault Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low frictional strength of upper crustal faults: A model

Streit¹

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Low frictional strength of faults is estimated based on existing models for earthquake recurrence, which account for compaction and hydrothermal lithification of fault rocks, as well as for the buildup of high fluid pressures in faults during interseismic periods. In areas of elevated heat flow and for a geothermal gradient of 30øC/km, fault compaction, lithification, and changes in fluid pressure gradient are inferred to occur at shallow crustal depth (3 to 7 km). Calculated shearing resistance of faults at seismogenic depths is compatible with shear stress drops ascribed to moderate and large earthquakes. The high frequency of microearthquakes, as well as the occurrence of some larger mainshock hypocenters at shallow crustal depth along several strands of the San Andreas Fault system are consistent with a predicted minimum of crustal strength at the top of a high fluid pressure regime. On the basis of field evidence from many exhumed faults for lithification of fault gouge and for faulting at near-lithostatic fluid pressures, a modified crustal strength profile is suggested to represent the strength of many active faults which involve hydrothermal fluid flow.

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Implications of fault-valve behaviour for rupture nucleation and recurrence

Cited by 713 publications

References 31 publications

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

The 1995 Kobe earthquake: Seismic image of the source zone and its implications for the rupture nucleation

Low frictional strength of upper crustal faults: A model

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