Imperceptible–Visible Watermarking to Information Security Tasks in Color Imaging

Abstract

Digital image watermarking algorithms have been designed for intellectual property, copyright protection, medical data management, and other related fields; furthermore, in real-world applications such as official documents, banknotes, etc., they are used to deliver additional information about the documents’ authenticity. In this context, the imperceptible–visible watermarking (IVW) algorithm has been designed as a digital reproduction of the real-world watermarks. This paper presents a new improved IVW algorithm for copyright protection that can deliver additional information to the image content. The proposed algorithm is divided into two stages: in the embedding stage, a human visual system-based strategy is used to embed an owner logotype or a 2D quick response (QR) code as a watermark into a color image, maintaining a high watermark imperceptibility and low image-quality degradation. In the exhibition, a new histogram binarization function approach is introduced to exhibit any watermark with enough quality to be recognized or decoded by any application, which is focused on reading QR codes. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can embed one or more watermark patterns, maintaining the high imperceptibility and visual quality of the embedded and the exhibited watermark. The performance evaluation shows that the method overcomes several drawbacks reported in previous algorithms, including geometric and image processing attacks such as JPEG and JPEG2000.

Statistical Image Watermark Algorithm for FAPHFMs Domain Based on BKF–Rayleigh Distribution

“…However, this algorithm was only applicable to a small sample size, which limited its usefulness. Oswaldo et al [37] proposed a copyright protection and information transmission algorithm. This algorithm utilized histogram distortion caused by embedding strategies and introduced a new histogram position function method to display any watermark of sufficient quality to be recognized or decoded by any application.…”

“…ROC curves can be plotted with respect to P f a and P det according to Equation (37) and can be used to subjectively judge the performance of the watermark detector. In addition, an objective judgment of the detector's performance can be achieved by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), which takes values in the range [0, 1] [55].…”

Selectivity Estimation of Inequality Joins in Databases

“…Histograms, as a form of synopsis-based methods, have been extensively studied [6,8] and are widely adopted in common database systems [14] for the purpose of selectivity estimation, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and SQL-Server [15][16][17][18]. Histograms are commonly used in databases for other tasks, including, for instance, data security and watermarking [19,20].…”

“…For both histograms, there are three bins, meaning that the fraction accounted for by each bin is 1 3 . For attribute R1.X, hist X = [10,20,25,45], which means that B X 0 = [10,20] Using histograms as a statistical representation of attributes involves the following implicit assumptions:…”

Robust Zero-Watermarking of Color Medical Images Using Multi-Channel Gaussian-Hermite Moments and 1D Chebyshev Chaotic Map

“…In the medical field, digital watermarking algorithms were applied to protect patients’ privacy, prevent tampering with medical data, and ensure the copyright of medical images [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Traditional embedding watermarking algorithms [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] embed digital information that identifies the ownership into the host image/carrier and then ensures the copyright or protects the copyright through extracting the embedded information. Extraction of the embedded information could destroy the information integrity of the host image, especially the fine data, which can lead to an inaccurate diagnosis.…”