Impedimetric immunosensors based on the conjugated polymer PPV

Cooreman, Peter; Thoelen, Ronald; Manca, Jean; vandeVen, Martin; Vermeeren, Veronique; Michiels, Luc; Ameloot, Marcel; Wagner, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2004.08.029

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Finally, conjugated-polymer electrodes provide the possibility of immobilizing a vast array of indicator molecules along the surface or inside the polymer bulk. [31] As early as 1986, PPy was evaluated as the outer electrode material for neural prosthetic applications. [31] It was shown that PPy grown on the cross sections of Pt wires embedded in glass improved the charge-pulsing capacity compared to bare Pt wires, see Figure 2a.…”

Section: Electrodes For Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31] As early as 1986, PPy was evaluated as the outer electrode material for neural prosthetic applications. [31] It was shown that PPy grown on the cross sections of Pt wires embedded in glass improved the charge-pulsing capacity compared to bare Pt wires, see Figure 2a. To stimulate or record neuronal impulses, the impedance characteristics must be designed to enable signal translation between the electrode and the neuron, which usually occur at the biologically relevant frequency of ca.…”

Section: Electrodes For Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Bioelectronics

Berggren¹,

2007

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During the last two decades, organic electroactive materials have been explored as the working material in a vast array of electronic devices, promising low‐cost, flexible, and easily manufactured systems. The same materials also possess features that make them unique in bioelectronics applications, where electronic signals are translated into biosignals and vice versa. Here we review, in the broadest sense, the field of organic bioelectronics, describing the electronic properties and mechanisms of the organic electronic materials that are utilized in specific biological experiments.

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Section: Electrodes For Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrodes For Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Bioelectronics

Berggren¹,

2007

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“…Throughout their history, PPVs have been used in a large variety of advanced applications, ranging from organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), field effect transistors (FET)s and biosensors [5,6]. Although other well-suited materials have made their way into the field of such electronic devices, PPVs are still interesting because of their high synthetic reliability and simple scale up possibilities [7], resulting in the potential high industrial relevance of these polymers [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Well-Defined MDMO-PPV Containing (Tri)Block—Copolymers via Controlled Radical Polymerization and CuAAC Conjugation

et al. 2015

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A systematic investigation into the chain transfer polymerization of the so-called radical precursor polymerization of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) materials is presented. Polymerizations are characterized by systematic variation of chain transfer agent (CTA) concentration and reaction temperature. For the chain transfer constant, a negative activation energy of −12.8 kJ· mol −1 was deduced. Good control over molecular weight is achieved for both the sulfinyl and the dithiocarbamate route (DTC). PPVs with molecular weights ranging from thousands to ten thousands g· mol −1 were obtained. To allow for a meaningful analysis of the CTA influence, Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada (MHKS) parameters were determined for conjugated MDMO-PPV ([2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)]-1,4-phenylenevinylene) to α = 0.809 and k = 0.00002 mL· g −1 . Further, high-endgroup fidelity of the CBr4-derived PPVs was proven via chain extension experiments. MDMO-PPV-Br was successfully used as macroinitiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with acrylates and styrene. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2015, 7 419A more polar PPV counterpart was chain extended by an acrylate in single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP). In a last step, copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) was used to synthesize block copolymer structures. Direct azidation followed by macromolecular conjugation showed only partial success, while the successive chain extension via ATRP followed by CuAAC afforded triblock copolymers of the poly(pphenylene vinylene)-block-poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PPV-bPtBuA-b-PEG).

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“…3). Recent advances in sensor integration [4,8,16,17,22,[25][26][27]30] provide the ability to execute intelligent computer-controlled assays that obtain feedback and make decisions in real-time based on sensor readings (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of feedback-driven PCR assays on a 2D electrowetting array using a domain-specific high-level biological programming language

Curtis

Brisk

2015

Microelectronic Engineering

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oThe motivation of our work is to demonstrate that scientists can describe biochemical assays using a high-level domain-specific programming language and can execute them automatically on a two-dimensional electrowetting array featuring integrated sensors that provide feedback in real-time to the host PC that controls the integrated system. The fundamental research problem that this paper addresses is how to express, at a high level of abstraction, the acquisition of sensory information from the device, and the computation on that data, which is required to perform real-time decision making in response. The approach that we have taken is first, to create a new version of BioCoder, a programming language for automated biology, which we have specialized for electrowetting arrays featuring integrated sensors, and second, to use this language to specify two feedbackdriven Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays at the desired level of abstraction. Our methodology is to evaluate the performance of these assays using a custom-build runtime system to control the execution of feedbackdriven assays on a cycle-accurate software simulator that accurately characterizes the behavior of the electrowetting platform during assay execution. The result of this experiment is successful simulation of these non-trivial feedback-driven assays, starting from a high-level specification, which allows us to conclude that high-level programming language design and implementation targeting electrowetting (or other competing laboratory-on-a-chip technologies) is feasible.

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Impedimetric immunosensors based on the conjugated polymer PPV

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Organic Bioelectronics

Organic Bioelectronics

Facile Synthesis of Well-Defined MDMO-PPV Containing (Tri)Block—Copolymers via Controlled Radical Polymerization and CuAAC Conjugation

Simulation of feedback-driven PCR assays on a 2D electrowetting array using a domain-specific high-level biological programming language

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