2013
DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712001216
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Abstract: The biological mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are largely unknown in spite of extensive research. ASD is characterized by altered function of multiple brain areas including the temporal cortex and by an increased synaptic excitation:inhibition ratio. While numerous studies searched for evidence of increased excitation in ASD, fewer have investigated the possibility of reduced inhibition. We characterized the cortical γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic system in the rat temporal cortex of an ASD m… Show more

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Cited by 95 publications
(67 citation statements)
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“…This includes VPA shown to impair normal brain development in humans as well as in rodents. Also at the morpho-functional level, VPA mice and rats exhibit ASD-specific abnormalities such as: decreased neuron numbers in different brain areas (Rodier et al, 1996; Lukose et al, 2011; Kataoka et al, 2013), an increase in a postsynaptic form of long-term potentiation (LTP) between pyramidal cells in the somatosensory cortex (Rinaldi et al, 2008), and deficits in inhibitory signaling (Markram et al, 2008; Banerjee et al, 2013). Altered synaptic transmission in VPA mice or rats is of particular interest, since ASD are broadly characterized by synaptic deficits leading to an E/I imbalance in the brain (Rubenstein and Merzenich, 2003).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This includes VPA shown to impair normal brain development in humans as well as in rodents. Also at the morpho-functional level, VPA mice and rats exhibit ASD-specific abnormalities such as: decreased neuron numbers in different brain areas (Rodier et al, 1996; Lukose et al, 2011; Kataoka et al, 2013), an increase in a postsynaptic form of long-term potentiation (LTP) between pyramidal cells in the somatosensory cortex (Rinaldi et al, 2008), and deficits in inhibitory signaling (Markram et al, 2008; Banerjee et al, 2013). Altered synaptic transmission in VPA mice or rats is of particular interest, since ASD are broadly characterized by synaptic deficits leading to an E/I imbalance in the brain (Rubenstein and Merzenich, 2003).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another ASD model, the knock out mouse for the homeobox-containing transcription factor engrailed-2 (EN2), showed a loss of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex and hippocampus (Sgadò et al 2013). Additionally, mouse pups who are exposed to valproic acid in utero constitute a reliable ASD animal model: in these mice, the presence of autistic behaviors have been associated with a reduction in GABAergic signaling, both pre-and post-synaptically (Banerjee et al 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…KGD can be used as additional or alternative therapy among children with autistic behavior [13]. According to Napoli (2014) and other authors [14,15] one of the reasons for the therapeutic effect is the increased GABA output [18]. A number of authors claim that the effect of dieting is reported to vary degrees in approximately 60% of children [13] -they are being tested with the "Childhood Autism Rating Scale".…”
Section: Clinical Implementation Of Ketogenic Nutritionmentioning
confidence: 99%