Impaired murine resistance to Salmonella typhimurium following oral exposure to the trichothecene T-2 toxin

Diets containing corn naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol reduces the susceptibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)to experimentalFlavobacterium psychrophiluminfection

“…and intranasally exposed to reovirus had viral titres and reovirus gene expression tenfold higher than controls (Li, Harkema, Islam, Cuff & Pestka ). T‐2 toxin, a related mycotoxin from the trichothecene family, increased the disease susceptibility to salmonella in mice (Tai & Pestka ) and poultry (Kubena, Bailey, Byrd, Young, Corrier, Stanker & Rottinghaust ) and had a similar effect in poultry to Cryptosporidium baileyi (Békési, Hornok, Szigeti, Dobos‐Kovács, Széll & Varga ). In contrast, Atroshi, Rizzo, Veijalainen, Linberg, Honkanen‐Buzalski, Andersson, Hirvi and Saloniemi () concluded that oral gavage with either DON or T‐2 toxin in mice resulted in reduced susceptibility to Staphylococcus hyicus and Mycobacterium avium .…”

Diets containing corn naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol reduces the susceptibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)to experimentalFlavobacterium psychrophiluminfection

“…and intranasally exposed to reovirus had viral titres and reovirus gene expression tenfold higher than controls (Li, Harkema, Islam, Cuff & Pestka ). T‐2 toxin, a related mycotoxin from the trichothecene family, increased the disease susceptibility to salmonella in mice (Tai & Pestka ) and poultry (Kubena, Bailey, Byrd, Young, Corrier, Stanker & Rottinghaust ) and had a similar effect in poultry to Cryptosporidium baileyi (Békési, Hornok, Szigeti, Dobos‐Kovács, Széll & Varga ). In contrast, Atroshi, Rizzo, Veijalainen, Linberg, Honkanen‐Buzalski, Andersson, Hirvi and Saloniemi () concluded that oral gavage with either DON or T‐2 toxin in mice resulted in reduced susceptibility to Staphylococcus hyicus and Mycobacterium avium .…”

Novel Regulatory Action of Ribosomal Inactivation on Epithelial Nod2-Linked Proinflammatory Signals in Two Convergent ATF3-Associated Pathways

“…including lymphocyte proliferation responses, monocyte maturation, and host defense against pathogens (60)(61)(62)(63). Another recent study (62) demonstrated that ribosomal inactivation decreases the production of antibacterial mediators such as reactive oxygen species by attenuating the expression of TLRs [TLR4, TLR2, and TLR6 (62)].…”

Mycotoxin and Gut Microbiota Interactions

“…In a porcine intestinal ileal loop model, 1 mg DON/L was shown to increase the invasion and translocation of Salmonella Typhimurium with a subsequent potentiation of the inflammatory response in the gut [196]. A high dose of T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg BW) increased mortality in Salmonella-resistant C3H/HeN mice challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium without affecting intestinal infection but increased the number of bacteria in the spleen [197]. Infection was accompanied by increased bacterial-related lesions in the spleen, kidney, and liver [198].…”

Diets containing corn naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol reduces the susceptibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)to experimentalFlavobacterium psychrophiluminfection

“…and intranasally exposed to reovirus had viral titres and reovirus gene expression tenfold higher than controls (Li, Harkema, Islam, Cuff & Pestka ). T‐2 toxin, a related mycotoxin from the trichothecene family, increased the disease susceptibility to salmonella in mice (Tai & Pestka ) and poultry (Kubena, Bailey, Byrd, Young, Corrier, Stanker & Rottinghaust ) and had a similar effect in poultry to Cryptosporidium baileyi (Békési, Hornok, Szigeti, Dobos‐Kovács, Széll & Varga ). In contrast, Atroshi, Rizzo, Veijalainen, Linberg, Honkanen‐Buzalski, Andersson, Hirvi and Saloniemi () concluded that oral gavage with either DON or T‐2 toxin in mice resulted in reduced susceptibility to Staphylococcus hyicus and Mycobacterium avium .…”

Novel Regulatory Action of Ribosomal Inactivation on Epithelial Nod2-Linked Proinflammatory Signals in Two Convergent ATF3-Associated Pathways

“…including lymphocyte proliferation responses, monocyte maturation, and host defense against pathogens (60)(61)(62)(63). Another recent study (62) demonstrated that ribosomal inactivation decreases the production of antibacterial mediators such as reactive oxygen species by attenuating the expression of TLRs [TLR4, TLR2, and TLR6 (62)].…”

Mycotoxin and Gut Microbiota Interactions

“…In a porcine intestinal ileal loop model, 1 mg DON/L was shown to increase the invasion and translocation of Salmonella Typhimurium with a subsequent potentiation of the inflammatory response in the gut [196]. A high dose of T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg BW) increased mortality in Salmonella-resistant C3H/HeN mice challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium without affecting intestinal infection but increased the number of bacteria in the spleen [197]. Infection was accompanied by increased bacterial-related lesions in the spleen, kidney, and liver [198].…”

Diets containing corn naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol reduces the susceptibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)to experimentalFlavobacterium psychrophiluminfection

“…and intranasally exposed to reovirus had viral titres and reovirus gene expression tenfold higher than controls (Li, Harkema, Islam, Cuff & Pestka ). T‐2 toxin, a related mycotoxin from the trichothecene family, increased the disease susceptibility to salmonella in mice (Tai & Pestka ) and poultry (Kubena, Bailey, Byrd, Young, Corrier, Stanker & Rottinghaust ) and had a similar effect in poultry to Cryptosporidium baileyi (Békési, Hornok, Szigeti, Dobos‐Kovács, Széll & Varga ). In contrast, Atroshi, Rizzo, Veijalainen, Linberg, Honkanen‐Buzalski, Andersson, Hirvi and Saloniemi () concluded that oral gavage with either DON or T‐2 toxin in mice resulted in reduced susceptibility to Staphylococcus hyicus and Mycobacterium avium .…”

Novel Regulatory Action of Ribosomal Inactivation on Epithelial Nod2-Linked Proinflammatory Signals in Two Convergent ATF3-Associated Pathways

“…including lymphocyte proliferation responses, monocyte maturation, and host defense against pathogens (60)(61)(62)(63). Another recent study (62) demonstrated that ribosomal inactivation decreases the production of antibacterial mediators such as reactive oxygen species by attenuating the expression of TLRs [TLR4, TLR2, and TLR6 (62)].…”

Mycotoxin and Gut Microbiota Interactions

“…In a porcine intestinal ileal loop model, 1 mg DON/L was shown to increase the invasion and translocation of Salmonella Typhimurium with a subsequent potentiation of the inflammatory response in the gut [196]. A high dose of T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg BW) increased mortality in Salmonella-resistant C3H/HeN mice challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium without affecting intestinal infection but increased the number of bacteria in the spleen [197]. Infection was accompanied by increased bacterial-related lesions in the spleen, kidney, and liver [198].…”