Impaired digit span can predict further cognitive decline in older people with subjective memory complaint: A preliminary result

Kurt, Pınar; Yener, Görsev; Oguz, Meral

doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.536133

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For example, a study that evaluated non-demented individuals with subjective memory complaints found that those with normal digit span scores (defined using age- and education-adjusted neuropsychological test scores) at baseline did not exhibit significant declines on verbal memory, visual memory, or executive function after a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, but had significant declines on the sum score of digit span forward and backward [62]. On the other hand, age-, sex-, and education-matched individuals with impaired digit span scores at baseline had significant declines on tests of verbal learning and animal fluency but not on any other cognitive test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Order of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Cognitive Marker Changes in BLSA and WRAP Longitudinal Studies

Bilgel

Koscik

et al. 2017

JAD

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Investigation of the temporal trajectories of currently used neuropsychological tests is critical to identifying earliest changing measures on the path to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used the Progression Score (PS) method to characterize the temporal trajectories of measures of verbal memory, executive function, attention, processing speed, language, and mental status using data spanning normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD from 1661 participants with a total of 7839 visits (age at last visit 77.6 SD 9.2) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and 1510 participants with a total of 3473 visits (age at last visit 59.5 SD 7.4) in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. This method aligns individuals in time based on the similarity of their longitudinal measurements to reveal temporal trajectories. As a validation of our methodology, we explored the associations between the individualized cognitive progression scores (Cog-PS) computed by our method and clinical diagnosis. Digit span tests were the first to show declines in both data sets, and were detected mainly among cognitively normal individuals. These were followed by tests of verbal memory, which were in turn followed by Trail Making Tests, Boston Naming Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Differences in Cog-PS across the clinical diagnosis and APOE ε4 groups were statistically significant, highlighting the potential use of Cog-PS as individualized indicators of disease progression. Identifying cognitive measures that are changing in preclinical AD can lead to the development of novel cognitive tests that are finely tuned to detecting earliest changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Order of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Cognitive Marker Changes in BLSA and WRAP Longitudinal Studies

Bilgel

Koscik

et al. 2017

JAD

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“…Working memory and visuospatial ability have been proposed as functions that decline slowly in MCI patients [63]. A recent study showed that subjects presenting subjective cognitive complaints and impairment in DS might have a higher risk of future conversion to MCI but did not compare the DS predictive value to other memory tests [38]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Digit Span (DS) test measures auditory attention, immediate span of learning, and working memory. Impairment in the DS test was associated with future cognitive decline [38, 39]. However, it appears that working memory does not decline early in the neurodegenerative process of AD [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Four Verbal Memory Tests for the Diagnosis and Predictive Value of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Silva

Guerreiro

Marôco³

et al. 2012

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be an early stage of a neurodegenerative disorder, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, and the clinical diagnosis requires the objective demonstration of cognitive deficits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive value of MCI for the conversion to dementia when using four different verbal memory tests (Logical Memory, LM; California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT; Verbal Paired-Associate Learning, VPAL; and Digit Span, DS) in the MCI criteria. Methods: Participants were consecutive patients with subjective cognitive complaints who performed a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and were not demented, observed in a memory clinic setting. Results: At baseline, 272 non-demented patients reporting subjective cognitive complaints were included. During the follow-up time (3.0 ± 1.9 years), 58 patients converted to dementia and 214 did not. Statistically significant differences between the converters and non-converters were present in LM, VPAL, and CVLT. A multivariate Cox regression analysis combining the four memory tests revealed that only the CVLT test remained significant as a predictor of conversion to dementia. Non-demented patients with cognitive complaints diagnosed as having MCI according to abnormal (<1.5 SD) learning in the CVLT test had a 3.61 higher risk of becoming demented during the follow-up. Conclusion: The verbal memory assessment using the CVLT should be preferred in the diagnostic criteria of MCI for a more accurate prediction of conversion to dementia.

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“…Visual memory tests that have received attention in the literature include Wechsler Memory Scale’s Visual Reproduction [15] and the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) [23–25]. Measures of executive and language functioning that may predict conversion include Trail Making Test B (TMT B) [15,25–29], Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test-Revised digit symbol coding [21], Stroop Color Naming [30], Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised digit span [31], semantic fluency [32,33] and the Boston Naming Test (BNT) [34,35]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Tests for Predicting Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Baerresen

Miller

Hanson

et al. 2015

Neurodegener. Dis. Manag.

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Summary Aim To determine neuropsychological tests likely to predict cognitive decline. Methods A sample of nonconverters (n = 106) was compared with those who declined in cognitive status (n = 24). Significant univariate logistic regression prediction models were used to create multivariate logistic regression models to predict decline based on initial neuropsychological testing. Results Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) Retention predicted conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) while baseline Buschke Delay predicted conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to group sample size differences, additional analyses were conducted using a subsample of demographically matched nonconverters. Analyses indicated RCFT Retention predicted conversion to MCI and AD, and Buschke Delay predicted conversion to AD. Conclusion Results suggest RCFT Retention and Buschke Delay may be useful in predicting cognitive decline.

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Impaired digit span can predict further cognitive decline in older people with subjective memory complaint: A preliminary result

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Temporal Order of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Cognitive Marker Changes in BLSA and WRAP Longitudinal Studies

Temporal Order of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Cognitive Marker Changes in BLSA and WRAP Longitudinal Studies

Comparison of Four Verbal Memory Tests for the Diagnosis and Predictive Value of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Neuropsychological Tests for Predicting Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

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