Impacts of Independence Day fireworks on pollution levels of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the U.S.

Jia, Chunrong; Xue, Zhuqing; Fu, Xianqiang; Sultana, Fariha; Smith, Larry; Zhang, Yueqian; Liu, Ying; Liu, Bian

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140774

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic organic pollutants, can cause considerable damage to immune system development, host resistance, and humoral immunity even at low exposure levels. − Because of their widespread occurrence and toxic effects on ecological safety and human health, some PAHs have been designated as priority pollutants, including 16 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and 8 by the European Water Framework Directive. − In addition, high levels of ambient atmospheric PAHs have been observed in many parts of the world, including the United States (52.8 ng/m 3 from 1990 to 2019), South Korea (15.5–77.8 ng/m 3 in 2017), and China (86.9 ng/m 3 in 2018) . PAH inhalation exposure increased the global incremental lifetime cancer risk to 2 × 10 –5 , which is double the acceptable limit .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption- and Income-Based Sectoral Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in China from 2002 to 2017

Zhang

Krebs

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

China is the largest emitter of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the world. Because of their negative influences on human health, the characteristics and potential driving forces of PAH emissions should be evaluated to establish effective mitigation strategies for different economic sectors. This study is the first to quantify the embodied and enabled PAH emissions of 108 sectors in China in 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. The results show that the total sectoral emissions increased by 92% (from 28.0 to 53.7 kt) from 2002 to 2012 and decreased to 53.0 kt in 2017. The eight aggregated sectors had different characteristics according to their production-, consumption-, and income-based emissions. Both the embodied and enabled emission flows increased (from 13.8 to 29.2 kt and from 11.3 to 20.5 kt, respectively) with time. The influences of the major final demands and primary inputs reversed from increasing to decreasing emissions over time. In particular, the primary input structure had a stronger impact on decreasing emissions than the final demand structure. The results revealed that different mitigation policies should be applied to different sectors and that adjusting primary input behaviors might be a relatively efficient method to reduce PAH emissions.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption- and Income-Based Sectoral Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in China from 2002 to 2017

Zhang

Krebs

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This finding also supports the earlier suggested chloride depletion in the CB sample, where the primary product of road salting would react to form gas-phase products. We note that the water-soluble species also show high percentages of carbon which we attribute mostly to naturally occurring carbonates or oxalates, black carbon, and other combustion byproducts which we cannot differentiate using EDS. − While there is a higher content of inorganic components, there will also exist some fraction of organic species existing on the films. Previous time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry data we have collected on films from this area can help us to predict what the ratio values should be.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

What Are the Differences between Two Environmental Films Sampled 1 km Apart?

DeYoung

Holyoake

Shaw

2021

ACS Earth Space Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental films are atmospheric materials that passively deposit and form coatings on most outdoor surfaces. Film heterogeneity in the chemical makeup and physical form often makes understanding their contributions to the environment difficult. It is well known that cities or rural areas produce unique films. To study how this trend changes with a known distance, we characterize two films, collected at the same time, separated by ∼1 km: representing city (CB) and suburban (CP) areas. The chemical analysis shows that the urban (CB) film, in comparison to its suburban (CP) counterpart, has higher surface coverage (+4.8%) and higher elemental diversity in metals. The physical form and roughness show that the urban (CB) sample collects more particulate than the suburban (CP) sample. This accumulation increases the surface area suggesting that the urban (CB) sample forms faster and maintains higher adsorption capacity than the suburban sample. The urban (CB) sample has metals often associated with fireworks meaning that surfaces could act as a sink and source for metallic species impacting local ecosystems through rainwater wash-off. The urban samples discharge more of the accumulated material (inorganic and organic water-soluble species) when extracted with water (+2 μg/cm2). This means that urban sites, like buildings, contribute more to waste water pollution than the suburban sites, like houses. There is also potential for this contribution to be more harmful in urban areas. These findings have important applications in understanding air and water quality in urban and suburban areas.

show abstract

“…The contributions of the rework events to poor air quality have been largely reported in literature (Prabhu et Independence day was 48.1 ng m -3 and the diagnostic ratios of certain PAH isomers viz. Fla/(Fla+Pyr), InP/(InP+BghiP) and InP/BghiP indicated grass, wood, and coal combustion were found on the same day (Jia et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Setting off reworks during celebrations such as Diwali in India (Prabhu et al 2019; Singh and Srivastava 2020), Chinese Spring Festival in China (Pang et al 2021), Independence day in USA (Jia et al 2020), Lantern festival in Taiwan (Lin et al 2014) Guy Fawkes in UK (Godri et al 2010) and New Year's celebrations in many countries (Retama et al 2019;Rindelaub et al 2021) causes short-term debilitation of air quality. Hazardous chemicals such as KNO 3 , C and S apart from an array of alloys of several metals like Sr, Ba, Na, Ti, Zr, Mg, Cu and Al are added to reworks to develop the colourful effects (Hickey et al 2020;Rindelaub et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants e.g., NO x , SO 2 , CO and several metals like Al, Mn and Cd can result due to bursting of recrackers and could pose serious health risks (Prabhu et al 2019;Singh et al 2019). Several research have also revealed the emission of organic pollutants during reworks (Jia et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Particulate Oxidative Potential (OP) Associated with Fireworks Activity during Diwali at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Lakhani

Goyal

Verma

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potential of the atmospheric fine aerosols (PM2.5) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during firework activity in Diwali festival was assessed by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India. The 12-h mean PM2.5 was found to be 262.9 ±150.7 µg m-3 during the study period which was 4.4 times exceeded the NAAQS limits. Firework activity was also characterized by increased levels of gaseous pollutants (NOx, SO2, CO and O3), and trace metal concentrations like Ba, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Al and Mn. Elevated PM2.5-NOx slope for fireworks including traffic emissions suggested significant contribution of fireworks. The highest value of PM ROS activity, volume-based DTT value was 1.37 nmol min-1 m-3 and mass-based DTT value was 11.77 pmol min-1 μg-1, found in the next morning of Diwali, suggesting stronger PM associated ROS activity due to fireworks. A positive association was found between redox-active metals like Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and V and DTT activity that could be due to the ability of these metals to catalyze ROS generation in ambient air, while Ba, Be and Se in atmosphere as major constituents of firecrackers were also strongly associated with DTT activity. The ozone levels were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.87) with DTTv activity during daytime due to photochemical activities including chemical species associated with fireworks responsible for forming tropospheric O3. Comparison of the daily DTTv activity and hazard index (HI) suggests that the HI may be a poor metric to measure the health effects by which PM exposure can induce deterioration in human health.

show abstract

Impacts of Independence Day fireworks on pollution levels of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the U.S.

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Consumption- and Income-Based Sectoral Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in China from 2002 to 2017

Consumption- and Income-Based Sectoral Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in China from 2002 to 2017

What Are the Differences between Two Environmental Films Sampled 1 km Apart?

Particulate Oxidative Potential (OP) Associated with Fireworks Activity during Diwali at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About