Impacts of Binary Oxide Nanoparticles on the Soybean Plant and Its Rhizosphere, Associated Phytohormones, and Enzymes

Abstract

The utilization of binary oxide nanoparticles is geometrically increasing due to their numerous applications. Their intentional or accidental release after usage has led to their omnipresence in the environment. The usage of sludge or fertilizer containing binary oxide nanoparticles is likely to increase the chance of the plants being exposed to these binary oxide nanoparticles. The aim of the present review is to assess the detailed positive and negative impacts of these oxide nanoparticles on the soybean plants and its rhizosphere. In this study, methods of synthesizing binary oxide nanoparticles, as well as the merits and demerits of these methods, are discussed. Furthermore, various methods of characterizing the binary oxide nanoparticles in the tissues of soybean are highlighted. These characterization techniques help to track the nanoparticles inside the soybean plant. In addition, the assessment of rhizosphere microbial communities of soybean that have been exposed to these binary oxide nanoparticles is discussed. The impacts of binary oxide nanoparticles on the leaf, stem, root, seeds, and rhizosphere of soybean plant are comprehensively discussed. The impacts of binary oxides on the bioactive compounds such as phytohormones are also highlighted. Overall, it was observed that the impacts of the oxide nanoparticles on the soybean, rhizosphere, and bioactive compounds were dose-dependent. Lastly, the way forward on research involving the interactions of binary oxide nanoparticles and soybean plants is suggested.

Impact of CeO2 nanoparticles on the microbiota of the S. flos-cuculi L. (Caryophyllaceae) rhizosphere

“…Furthermore, the impact of nCeO 2 was notable only in the soil cultivated with soybean and not to the unplanted soil, where bacterial communities remained unaffected. 83 However, with the currently available knowledge, which often consists of experiments conducted on a laboratory scale, with results currently at a preliminary level, which are often contradictory, it is not yet possible to associate a specific effect on plant and soil health with the variation of each individual microbial group given the complexity of the interactions, and the functional redundancy in soil microbial Environmental Science: Nano Paper community. 84,85 The importance of further in-depth studies on nanomaterials to comprehend their actual effects on the environment, soil, and plants has also been emphasized by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).…”

Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Soybean By-Product with Nematicidal Efficacy against Pratylenchus brachyurus

“…The contrast between in vitro and in vivo findings highlights the complex interplay of AgNP behavior within the soil environment. This complexity can be attributed to various factors, including the absorption of AgNPs by plant roots and their attachment to soil particles, resulting in dynamic nanoparticle distributions in the vicinity of the roots [ 61 ] and their interactions with the multifaceted rhizosphere microbial community [ 62 ]. Such behavior, highlighted in recent studies like that of [ 63 ], points to the intricate challenge of predicting nanoparticle effects in natural settings and underscores the need for extensive research to unravel the underlying mechanisms at play.…”

Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Soybean By-Product with Nematicidal Efficacy against <em>Pratylenchus brachyurus</em>

“…The contrast between in vitro and in vivo findings highlights the complex interplay of AgNPs behavior within the soil environment. This complexity can be attributed to various factors, including AgNPs absorption by plant roots and their attachment to soil particles, resulting in dynamic nanoparticle distributions in the vicinity of the roots [61], and their interactions with the multifaceted rhizosphere microbial community [62]. Such behavior, highlighted in recent studies like that of [63], points to the intricate challenge of predicting nanoparticle effects in natural settings and underscores the need for extensive research to unravel the underlying mechanisms at play.…”