Impacto do diagnóstico e do tratamento de câncer e de Aids no cotidiano e nas redes sociais de crianças e adolescentes

Abstract

Introdução: Aids e câncer representam, atualmente, um desafio para a saúde pública, com sérias implicações para os aspectos biológicos, sociais e psicológicos dos indivíduos. Essas doenças crônicas interferem no cotidiano familiar, especialmente, quando atingem crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Neste artigo, são apresentados os principais resultados de uma pesquisa sobre processos de estigmatização de pacientes pediátricos com câncer ou HIV, com especial atenção à recepção do diagnóstico e de mudanças no cotidiano familiar ocasionadas pela doença. Casuística e Métodos: Foram realizadas 56 entrevistas semiestruturadas com: pacientes de 7 a 15 anos com câncer ou com HIV, atendidos nos ambulatórios da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC) (n = 20); acompanhantes desses pacientes (n = 18); população usuária dos ambulatórios da FMABC (n = 18). Resultados: Em geral, os pacientes e acompanhantes não referiram a presença de estigma relacionado à doença; em contrapartida, a população usuária dos ambulatórios aponta a sua existência. Os pacientes com HIV são orientados pelos seus cuidadores (leigos e profissionais) a não revelar o diagnóstico para sua a rede social, evitando assim situações estigmatizantes. Conclusões: Embora poucas situações de estigmatização tenham sido identificadas nos relatos obtidos, estes revelam estratégias de controle da identidade do doente, objetivando evitar preconceitos. O HIV e o câncer geram diferentes expectativas e sofrimentos nos pacientes e familiares, requisitando dos profissionais de saúde conhecimentos e ações sensíveis aos impactos específicos desses problemas de saúde no cotidiano familiar.

The Contribution of Motor Changes to Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…With regard to motor changes, severe difficulty in maintaining a body position was significantly associated with the onset of oral mucositis. Children and adolescents with cancer felt limited in performing some functional activities due to excessive care from their families and multiprofessional team [37]. Other factors that restrict patients to a hospital bed, such as adverse effects of treatment and hospital medical devices used during hospitalization, should be further explored [13,31].…”

“…While poor oral conditions may contribute to aggravating oral mucositis, oral hygiene practice can prevent this complication and even accelerate the healing process when it has been already initiated [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38]. Based on our findings, individuals affected by cancer with severe difficulty in walking had a higher probability of developing oral mucositis.…”

Stepping into a new world: the meaning of sicken for the child with cancer

“…The search for help causes the child and his/her family to undergo different medical specialties, sometimes resulting in an incorrect diagnosis, which delays and hinders the assimilation of the idea of having an oncologic disease and, conse-quently, undermines the treatment and favors future complications. 15 In the fragment of the discourse the doctor said that it was worm infection, these sorts of things. We started traveling from one place to another (Pelezinho), it can be interpreted that during the early manifestations of the disease subject Pelezinho and his family experienced real pilgrimages, moments when doubt is a persisting ally and information is not sufficient, thus filling everyone with insecurity, anguish and fear.…”

“…15 The appearance of the disease is an abrupt occurrence, at a moment when the children perform their habitual activities, such as playing or watching TV, as observed in the following statements:…”

“…15 Therefore, "physical pain is one of the major concerns of the children whenever cancer is diagnosed, as cancer is globally known as a painful disease. Pain is a combination of physical, emotional and spiritual pain".…”