Impact Strengthening of Laminated Kevlar/Epoxy Composites by Nanoparticle Reinforcement

Mourad, Abdel‐Hamid I.; Cherupurakal, Nizamudeen; Hafeez, Farrukh; Barsoum, Imad; Genena, Farah A.; Mansoori, Mouza S. Al; Marzooqi, Lamia A. Al

doi:10.3390/polym12122814

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Additionally, Merah et al [ 28 ] reported brittle fracture and a reduction in ultimate strain after prolonged exposure to seawater. In general, the prolonged seawater immersion causes plasticization and swelling in the composite material and affects the tolerance capacity of the composite material [ 29 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prolonged Exposure of Eleven Years to Hot Seawater on the Degradation of a Thermoset Composite

2021

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This paper presents a long-term experimental investigation of E-glass/epoxy composites’ durability exposed to seawater at different temperatures. The thermoset composite samples were exposed to 23 °C, 45 °C and 65 °C seawater for a prolonged exposure time of 11 years. The mechanical performance as a function of exposure time was evaluated and a strength-based technique was used to assess the durability of the composites. The experimental results revealed that the tensile strength of E-glass/epoxy composite was reduced by 8.2%, 29.7%, and 54.4% after immersion in seawater for 11 years at 23 °C, 45 °C, and 65 °C, respectively. The prolonged immersion in seawater resulted in the plasticization and swelling in the composite. This accelerated the rate of debonding between the fibers and matrix. The failure analysis was conducted to investigate the failure mode of the samples. SEM micrographs illustrated a correlation between the fiber/matrix debonding, potholing, fiber pull-out, river line marks and matrix cracking with deterioration in the tensile characteristics of the thermoset composite.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prolonged Exposure of Eleven Years to Hot Seawater on the Degradation of a Thermoset Composite

2021

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“…Flexural test results reflect the combined effects of tensile, compressive, and shear properties. The flexural modulus (E f ) represents resistance to bending deformation [39]. Thus, flexural properties are important for the ballistic application.…”

Section: Flexural Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

High-velocity impact behavior of hybrid fiber-reinforced epoxy composites

Stephen

Shivamurthy

Mourad

et al. 2021

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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In this study, non-hybrid and hybrid (Kevlar, carbon and glass) fabric epoxy composite laminates were fabricated with different stacking sequences by hand lay-up followed by hot-compression molding. Experimental tests were conducted to investigate tensile, flexural, and hardness characteristics. It was found that the stacking sequence did not significantly affect the tensile strength and hardness values of the composites; however, it affected their flexural strength. Damage morphology of the specimens through SEM images showed that the major damage mechanisms in the composites were delamination, fiber breakage, pull-out, and matrix cracking. Based on the static experimental results, the high-velocity impact behavior was investigated through simulation study using LS-DYNA finite element analysis (FEA) software. To study the ballistic impact, a steel projectile with a hemispherical penetrating edge at impact velocities of 100 m.s−1, 250 m.s−1, and 350 m.s−1 was considered. Among non-hybrid fabric epoxy composite specimens, Kevlar/epoxy specimen was found to have the highest impact energy absorption followed by carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy, respectively. Regarding the hybrid fabric epoxy composite specimens, the ones with Kevlar plies in the rear face exhibited better energy absorption compared to other stacking sequences. The non-hybrid glass/epoxy specimen had the lowest energy absorption and highest post-impact residual velocity of projectile among all specimens. From the FEA results, it was noted that impact resistance of hybrid composites improved when Kevlar fabric was placed in the rear layer. Thus, the stacking sequence was observed to be of substantial importance in the development of fabric-reinforced composite laminates for high-velocity impact applications.

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“…For material effectiveness, it is essential to ensure the durability of FRP composites in the seawater environment. Nanofillers are one effective solution for closing any gaps and increasing the compositional intensity [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Several studies have been performed in different aging conditions for the performance of epoxy-based composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated Temperature

et al. 2021

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In this manuscript, the durability of the E-glass/epoxy composite was determined under a seawater environment. The effect of harsh environment was investigated in terms of seawater absorption, microstructure and degradation in mechanical properties. E-glass epoxy composite specimens were conditioned in gulf seawater at 23 °C, 65 °C and 90 °C for the period of 12 months. It was observed that the mass of the samples increased after the immersion of 12 months at 23 °C and 65 °C whereas it reduced at 90 °C. The salt deposition was observed at the surface of specimens without any crack for the seawater conditioning at 23 °C and 65 °C. The swelling and crack formation were significantly visible on the surface of the specimen immersed for 12 months at 90 °C. It indicates that the degradation mechanism accelerated at elevated temperature results fiber/matrix debonding. The tensile test indicates slight variation in the elastic modulus and reduction in strength of E-glass epoxy composite by 1% and 9% for specimens immersed at 23 °C and 65 °C respectively. However, at 90 °C, the tensile strength sharply decreased to 7% and elastic modulus significantly increased in the exposure of 12 months. A prediction approach based on a time-shift factor (TSF) was used. This model predicted that the strength retention of E-glass/Epoxy composite will be reduced to 7% in 450 years after immersion in seawater at 23 °C. Lastly, the activation energy for the degradation of the composite was calculated.

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Impact Strengthening of Laminated Kevlar/Epoxy Composites by Nanoparticle Reinforcement

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Impact of Prolonged Exposure of Eleven Years to Hot Seawater on the Degradation of a Thermoset Composite

Impact of Prolonged Exposure of Eleven Years to Hot Seawater on the Degradation of a Thermoset Composite

High-velocity impact behavior of hybrid fiber-reinforced epoxy composites

Investigation on the Durability of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Seawater at Elevated Temperature

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