Impact of vitamin D fortified milk supplementation on vitamin D status of healthy school children aged 10–14 years

Khadgawat, Rajesh; Marwaha, Raman K.; Garg, Mahendra Kumar; Ramot, Rekha; Oberoi, Aroma; Sreenivas, V.; Gahlot, Monita; Mehan, Neena; Mathur, Purva; Gupta, Nidhi

doi:10.1007/s00198-013-2306-9

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The cost of fortified laddoo was INR 20 per laddoo , which may be prohibitive in itself. More cost effective food items could be fortified with vitamin D. In another study, 776 subjects (boys and girls) were given fortified milk, which resulted in significant improvement in their vitamin D status [123]. These results support the strategy of fortification of foods in India for redressing malnutrition problems in India.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Fortification Of Foods With Vitamin D In mentioning

confidence: 86%

Vitamin D Deficiency in India: Prevalence, Causalities and Interventions

Ritu¹,

2014

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Vitamin D deficiency prevails in epidemic proportions all over the Indian subcontinent, with a prevalence of 70%–100% in the general population. In India, widely consumed food items such as dairy products are rarely fortified with vitamin D. Indian socioreligious and cultural practices do not facilitate adequate sun exposure, thereby negating potential benefits of plentiful sunshine. Consequently, subclinical vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in both urban and rural settings, and across all socioeconomic and geographic strata. Vitamin D deficiency is likely to play an important role in the very high prevalence of rickets, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and infections such as tuberculosis in India. Fortification of staple foods with vitamin D is the most viable population based strategy to achieve vitamin D sufficiency. Unfortunately, even in advanced countries like USA and Canada, food fortification strategies with vitamin D have been only partially effective and have largely failed to attain vitamin D sufficiency. This article reviews the status of vitamin D nutrition in the Indian subcontinent and also the underlying causes for this epidemic. Implementation of population based educational and interventional strategies to combat this scourge require recognition of vitamin D deficiency as a public health problem by the governing bodies so that healthcare funds can be allocated appropriately.

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Section: Feasibility Of Fortification Of Foods With Vitamin D In mentioning

confidence: 86%

Vitamin D Deficiency in India: Prevalence, Causalities and Interventions

Ritu¹,

2014

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“…Fortification of fluid milk and margarine was estimated to increase vitamin D intake in 4-year-old children from 176 to 360 IU/day (4.4 to 9 μg/day) and 25OHD concentrations from 55 to 65 nmol/l [236] . Milk fortification has also been a successful strategy to improve the vitamin D status of schoolchildren in India [237] . Fortification and supplementation requirements may vary with population exposure to sunshine (see section 3) [238] .…”

Section: Public Health Strategies For Rickets Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets

Munns¹,

Shaw²,

Kiely³

et al. 2016

Horm Res Paediatr

340

460

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Background: Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are common worldwide, causing nutritional rickets and osteomalacia, which have a major impact on health, growth, and development of infants, children, and adolescents; the consequences can be lethal or can last into adulthood. The goals of this evidence-based consensus document are to provide health care professionals with guidance for prevention, diagnosis, and management of nutritional rickets and to provide policy makers with a framework to work toward its eradication. Evidence: A systematic literature search examining the definition, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nutritional rickets in children was conducted. Evidence-based recommendations were developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system that describes the strength of the recommendation and the quality of supporting evidence. Process: Thirty-three nominated experts in pediatric endocrinology, pediatrics, nutrition, epidemiology, public health, and health economics evaluated the evidence on specific questions within five working groups. The consensus group, representing 11 international scientific organizations, participated in a multiday conference in May 2014 to reach a global evidence-based consensus. Results: This consensus document defines nutritional rickets and its diagnostic criteria and describes the clinical management of rickets and osteomalacia. Risk factors, particularly in mothers and infants, are ranked, and specific prevention recommendations including food fortification and supplementation are offered for both the clinical and public health contexts. Conclusion: Rickets, osteomalacia, and vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are preventable global public health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Implementation of international rickets prevention programs, including supplementation and food fortification, is urgently required. nology, pediatrics, nutrition, epidemiology, public health, and health economics evaluated the evidence on specific questions within five working groups. The consensus group, representing 11 international scientific organizations, participated in a multiday conference in May 2014 to reach a global evidence-based consensus. Results: This consensus document defines nutritional rickets and its diagnostic criteria and describes the clinical management of rickets and osteomalacia. Risk factors, particularly in mothers and infants, are ranked, and specific prevention recommendations including food fortification and supplementation are offered for both the clinical and public health contexts. Conclusion: Rickets, osteomalacia, and vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are preventable global public health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Implementation of international rickets prevention programs, including supplementation and food fortification, is urgently required. Key WordsRickets · Nutrition · Vitamin D · Calcium · Consensus recommendations Abstract Background: Vitamin D and ca...

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“…[1213] The high rate of vitamin D deficiency may be due to several causes such as low sun exposure, inadequate dietary vitamin D intake, lack of food fortification with vitamin D, pigmented skin, environmental pollution, and traditional dress code. [4] To combat the low levels of vitamin D a couple of states have recently initiated vitamin D fortification of edible oil and milk fortification, which can be an effective means of delivering vitamin D.[14]…”

Section: Country Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Asia-Pacific Regional Audit-Epidemiology, costs, and burden of osteoporosis in India 2013: A report of International Osteoporosis Foundation

Mithal

Bansal

Kyer

et al. 2014

Indian J Endocr Metab

235

203

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Impact of vitamin D fortified milk supplementation on vitamin D status of healthy school children aged 10–14 years

Abstract: Fortification of milk with vitamin D is an effective and safe strategy in improving S.25(OH)D levels in children aged 10-14 years.

Cited by 62 publications

References 32 publications

Vitamin D Deficiency in India: Prevalence, Causalities and Interventions

Vitamin D Deficiency in India: Prevalence, Causalities and Interventions

Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets

The Asia-Pacific Regional Audit-Epidemiology, costs, and burden of osteoporosis in India 2013: A report of International Osteoporosis Foundation

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