Impact of toxic heavy metals and pesticide residues in herbal products

Shaban, Nema S.; Abdou, Khaled; Hassan, Nour El-Houda Y.

doi:10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.10.001

Cited by 94 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…Lu Luo 1 † , Bo Wang 2 † , Jingwen Jiang 3 , Qin Huang 1 , Zheng Yu , Hui Li 5 , Jiqing Zhang 1 , Chenyuyan…”

Section: Authors' Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are not easily metabolized by body and are found to accumulate in the soft tissues. They produce toxic effects due to their interference in many know normal biochemical and metabolic processes [5]. Several health problems were linked to excessive uptake of dietary heavy metals, including decreased; immunity, cardiac dysfunction, fetal malformation, impaired psychosocial and neurological behavior [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Though studies now show that exposure of heavy metals through general dietary consumption contribute negatively to human health [16], very few have conducted comprehensive health risk assessments, with large sample numbers focusing on herbal medicines. Furthermore, specific identification of metals is required for accurate diagnosis due to considerable overlap between various clinical syndromes associated with heavy metal poisoning [5]. Therefore a study of accurately quantified heavy metal contents in herbal medicines appears necessary to further assess and justify of the dosage of herbal formulas.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metal Contaminations in Herbal Medicines: Determination, Comprehensive Risk Assessments, and Solutions

Luo

Wang²,

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Heavy metal contamination in herbal medicines is a global threat to human beings especially at levels above known threshold concentrations.Methods: The concentrations of five heavy metals cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and copper (Cu) were investigated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) with 1773 samples. Exposure assessment, Non-carcinogenic risk assessment, and carcinogenic risk assessment were applied to measure their risks in human body.Results: According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 30.51% (541) samples were detected with at least one over-limit metal. The over-limit ratio for Pb was 5.75% (102), Cd at 4.96% (88), As at 4.17% (74), Hg at 3.78% (67), and of Cu, 1.75% (31). For exposure assessment, Pb, Cd, As, and Hg have resulted in higher than acceptable risks in 25 kinds of herbs. The maximal Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of Pb in seven herbs, of Cd in five, of Hg in four, and As in three exceeded their corresponding Provisional Tolerable Daily Intakes (PTDI). In total 25 kinds of herbs present an unacceptable risk as assessed with the HQ (Hazard Quotient) or HI (Hazard Index). Particularly, Plantaginis herba (HI = 11.47) is more than 11 times over the limit.Conclusions: Heavy metal contamination in herbal medicines was borderline or higher than the safety level with the majority of the herbal plants were within acceptable risks. Notably, As posed the highest risk in all indicators including EDI, HI, and CR, inducing the most serious risks in all five metals. Herbal medicines Euodiae fructus, Plantaginis herba, and Desmodii styracifolii were considered the most risk-inducing herbal medicines. Therefore, it is of great advantage to establish universal standards and quality requirements for hazardous elements in herbal medicines so that this natural resource can continue and expand further, to benefit health globally.

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“…Lu Luo 1 † , Bo Wang 2 † , Jingwen Jiang 3 , Qin Huang 1 , Zheng Yu , Hui Li 5 , Jiqing Zhang 1 , Chenyuyan…”

Section: Authors' Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metal Contaminations in Herbal Medicines: Determination, Comprehensive Risk Assessments, and Solutions

Luo

Wang²,

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…To improve biodiversity across the globe, it is critical to cultivate medicinal plants using controlled and scientific methods, to provide the desired medicinal plants at high quality. In addition, toxic waste from the production process greatly impacts the biological ecosystem; it has particularly harmful effects on the plants and aquatic life in streams (20). To protect the natural resources, toxic waste containing toxic elements and unpleasant, odor-producing chemicals must be separated and treated independently.…”

Section: Future Directions For Natural Product Drug Discoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug development: Lessons from nature

2017

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Abstract. Natural products have been acknowledged for numerous years as a vital source of active ingredients in therapeutic agents. In particular, the use of active ingredients derived from plants for use in microbial natural products have long been used before the dawn of modern medicine. From ancient times, the efficacy of natural products has been associated with the chemistry, biochemistry and synthetic activities of natural products. Thus, with scientific advancement in modern molecular and cellular biology, analytical chemistry and pharmacology, the unique properties of these natural products are being harnessed in order to exploit the chemical and structural diversity and biodiversity of these types of products in relation to their therapeutic effect. Often, new molecules of interest in drug design units focus on the rearrangement of chemical entities or structural isomers of naturally occurring products in order to generate new molecules; these may be formulated into clinically useful therapies. Contents1. Introduction 2. Sources of drugs 3. Current uses of natural product drugs 4. Natural product drug development 5. Future directions for natural product drug discovery 6. Conclusions IntroductionA natural product is a chemical entity, formed by a naturally occurring living organism with pharmacological properties, which may contribute to vital drug discovery and design. The crude substance extracted from the body of medicinal plants, animals, microbes or microorganism fermentation broths contains unique and structurally diverse chemical components. Natural products have been vital in pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, as a vast range of modern medicines are based upon either naturally occurring molecules, or derivatives of these. Generally, the therapeutic agents that are inhaled, ingested and injected are a mixture of complex therapeutic compounds. Sources of drugsThe complexity of the therapeutic agents depends on the mixture of chemicals prepared synthetically. Therapeutic agents are considered as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic dependent on the source from which they were generated (1). The natural environment remains a significant origin of novel therapeutic agent compounds. Natural therapeutic agents are prepared from compounds found occurring in nature, which contain active components in extract form created from sources, including plants, microbes, minerals and animals. The most dominant natural medicine source is plants, due to their chemical and structural diversity and the biodiversity of their components. Examples of medicines that are derived from plants are aspirin (from willow tree bark) (2), digoxin (from the flower, Digitalis lanata) (3) and morphine (from opium) (4). Indeed, it is projected that in the industrialized nation, >60% of all medicines are either natural products or secondary metabolites thereof (5). Although there are challenges from different, novel drug discovery methods, natural products continue to produce additional clinical candidates and medicinal comp...

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“…Despite the unexpected outcome with most herbal preparations, there exist controversies with the regulation, safety, and standardization of the products in different countries but in most cases, regulatory agencies are lenient regarding proof of efficacy as well as hygiene, but instead, consider long standing folk use as evidence of safety and a waiver of a thorough toxicological and microbiological evaluation (Nworu et al, 2014). In addition to the potential toxicity of herbal preparations, they are reported to inadvertently contain different types of heavy metals in varying concentrations (Ting et al, 2013;Shaban et al, 2016). Pathogenic microorganisms, particularly the Enterobacteriaceae and multidrug resistant bacteria are also common contaminants of herbal preparations (Ting et al, 2013;Abba et al, 2009;Esimone et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) isolated from herbal preparations

Omoruyi

Ogunsakin

2017

IJH

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Herbal preparations are unsuspected sources of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, including those showing high resistance to antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the presence of bacteria belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family in herbal preparation and for the presence of the β-lactamase enzyme by established methods. The mean coliform and enterobacteriaceae counts ranged from 2.3 x 10 3 to 1.1 x 10 6 cfu/ml and 2.3 x 10 3 to 6.5 x 10 4 cfu/ml respectively. The organisms were further identified to belong to the genus Escherichia, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Serratia. The antibiogramic activity shows that the bacterial isolates were mostly resistant to caftazidime, augmentin and cefuroxime. Only one of the Klebsiella specie further elicited extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) activity against the cephalosporin antibiotics. There is therefore, increased need for microbiological and toxicological examination of herbal medicine to prevent outbreak of diseases.

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Impact of toxic heavy metals and pesticide residues in herbal products

Cited by 94 publications

References 14 publications

Heavy Metal Contaminations in Herbal Medicines: Determination, Comprehensive Risk Assessments, and Solutions

Heavy Metal Contaminations in Herbal Medicines: Determination, Comprehensive Risk Assessments, and Solutions

Drug development: Lessons from nature

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) isolated from herbal preparations

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