Impact of the mouth breathing occurred during childhood in the adult age: Biophotogrammetric postural analysis

Milanesi, Jovana M.; Borin, Graciele da Silva; Corrêa, Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues; Silva, Ana M.T. da; Bortoluzzi, Daniel C.; Souza, Juliana Alves

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.04.018

Cited by 32 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…3,4 The main causes are allergic rhinitis, palatine and/or pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy, and septal deviation. 3,4 Chronic mouth breathing may have several consequences, such as dentofacial morphological and orofacial myofunctional adaptations, [5][6][7] along with changes to body posture, 3,4,[8][9][10][11] pulmonary function, 10 auditory processing and voice. [12][13][14][15] In some cases, mouth breathing is associated with sleep-related obstructive breathing disorders, with important behavioral and cognitive impacts such as daytime tiredness, sleepiness, poor concentration and attention, and such children may often present learning difficulties and low academic achievement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in working memory, reading comprehension and arithmetic skills in children with mouth breathing syndrome: analytical cross-sectional study

et al. 2014

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Mouth breathing syndrome is very common among school-age children, and it is possibly related to learning difficulties and low academic achievement. In this study, we investigated working memory, reading comprehension and arithmetic skills in children with nasal and mouth breathing. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study with control group conducted in a public university hospital. METHODS: 42 children (mean age = 8.7 years) who had been identified as mouth breathers were compared with a control group (mean age = 8.4 years) matched for age and schooling. All the participants underwent a clinical interview, tone audiometry, otorhinolaryngological evaluation and cognitive assessment of phonological working memory (numbers and pseudowords), reading comprehension and arithmetic skills. RESULTS: Children with mouth breathing had poorer performance than controls, regarding reading comprehension (P = 0.006), arithmetic (P = 0.025) and working memory for pseudowords (P = 0.002), but not for numbers (P = 0.76). CONCLUSION: Children with mouth breathing have low academic achievement and poorer phonological working memory than controls. Teachers and healthcare professionals should be aware of the association of mouth breathing with children's physical and cognitive health. RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:A síndrome da respiração oral é muito comum em crianças em idade escolar, e está possivelmente relacionada a dificuldades de aprendizagem e baixo rendimento escolar. Neste estudo, investigamos memória operacional, compreensão de leitura e habilidades aritméticas em crianças com respiração nasal e oral. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal analítico com grupo controle realizado em hospital universitário público. MÉTODOS: 42 crianças (média = 8,7 anos) identificadas com respiração oral foram comparadas a um grupo controle (média = 8,4 anos) e pareadas por idade e escolaridade. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a entrevista clínica, audiometria tonal, avaliação otorrinolaringológica e avaliação cognitiva da memória operacional fonológica (números e pseudopalavras), compreensão de leitura e aritmética. RESULTADOS: Crianças com respiração oral tiveram desempenho significativamente inferior ao de respiradores nasais em compreensão de leitura (P = 0,006), aritmética (P = 0,025) e memória operacional para pseudopalavras (P = 0,002), mas não para números (P = 0,76). CONCLUSÕES: Crianças com respiração oral apresentam baixo rendimento escolar e menor memória operacional fonológica em comparação ao grupo controle. Professores e profissionais da saúde devem atentar para a associação da respiração oral com a saúde física e cognitiva das crianças.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in working memory, reading comprehension and arithmetic skills in children with mouth breathing syndrome: analytical cross-sectional study

et al. 2014

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“…This can be attributed to neural adaptations, changes in the central control of the upper airway and the muscular function and skeletal changes. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that the effects of mouth breathing can be perpetuated into the adulthood 22,23 . Currently, most studies regarding the mouth breathing mode address ENT, dental and of orofacial motricity aspects 23 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Implicações da respiração oral na função pulmonar e músculos respiratórios

et al. 2016

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The mouth breathing syndrome is characterized by a set of signs and symptoms, which may be present in subjects who replace an adequate and efficient nasal breathing mode by the mouth or mist breathing mode, for a period equal or superior of six months. The mouth or mist breathing mode may be associated to changes in the ventilatory function and mechanics. This review has the objective of investigating more deeply the consequences of the mouth breathing in the lung function and respiratory muscles, emphasizing the development of such changes since childhood to adult age. Eighteen articles were selected through data basis PubMed and Web of Science and they were grouped in the text, comprehending the follow topics:1) Implications of mouth breathing on the lung function and 2)Implications of mouth breathing on the respiratory muscles. From the information derivate of the analyzed articles, it may realized that few studies reject or did not find some relation between pulmonary changes and mouth breathing. It was suggested that the muscular unbalance produced by these changes may contribute for the mechanic disadvantage of the diaphragm muscle and increase of accessory inspiratory muscles work. Nevertheless, studies with more selective method, including objective and reproducible evaluation of the respiratory muscles are still need. Keywords: Mouth Breathing; Respiratory System; Pulmonary Ventilation; Respiratory Muscles RESUMO A Síndrome do Respirador Oral é caracterizada por um conjunto de sinais e sintomas que podem estar presentes em indivíduos que substituem o modo adequado e eficiente da respiração nasal pelo modo respiratório oral ou misto, por um período igual ou superior a seis meses. O modo respiratório oral ou misto pode estar associado a mudanças na função e mecânica ventilatória. Esta revisão tem como objetivo investigar mais profundamente as consequências da respiração oral na função pulmonar e músculos respiratórios, ressaltando o desenvolvimento de tais alterações desde a infância até a idade adulta. Foram selecionados 18 artigos por meio das bases de dados Pubmed e Web of Science e foram agrupados no texto, compreendendo os seguintes tópicos: 1) Implicações da respiração oral sobre a função pulmonar e 2) Implicações da respiração oral sobre os músculos respiratórios. A partir das informações oriundas dos resultados dos artigos analisados, percebe-se que poucos estudos refutam ou não encontram alguma relação entre as alterações pulmonares e a respiração oral. Sugere-se que, o desequilíbrio muscular produzido por estas alterações pode contribuir para a desvantagem mecânica do músculo diafragma e aumento do trabalho dos músculos acessórios da inspiração. Entretanto, são necessários estudos com métodos mais criteriosos, incluindo avaliações objetivas e reprodutíveis dos músculos respiratórios.

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“…The sample was composed of 133 children, 73 boys and 60 girls, with average age of 8 The comparison of the postural measures between groups is shown in Table 1 Negative weak correlation was found between %PNIF and FE measure (Figure 1), i.e., the smaller the nasal patency, the greater the head extension. The CD was positively and weakly correlated with the PFIN raw value (Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The head posture deviation, especially the forward head posture, may cause a compensating mechanism for the normal respiratory function maintenance 4,6,7 . Such alterations, if not corrected, may aggravate respiratory problems or even reflect negatively on adult life 3,5,8 . Therefore, the previous detection of postural misalignment and its relation with nasal obstruction may influence not only problem solving, but also the prevention of systemic consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal patency and craniocervical posture in scholar children

et al. 2017

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One hundred thirty-three children were distributed into two groups: G1 (normal nasal patency -PNIF higher than 80% of predicted value) with 90 children; G2 (decreased nasal patency -PNIF lower than 80% of predicted value) with 43 children. Differences between groups were not found in CD and HHA measures. FE was significantly higher in G2 than G1 (p=0.023). Negative weak correlation between p=0.002) Palabras clave |

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Impact of the mouth breathing occurred during childhood in the adult age: Biophotogrammetric postural analysis

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Deficits in working memory, reading comprehension and arithmetic skills in children with mouth breathing syndrome: analytical cross-sectional study

Deficits in working memory, reading comprehension and arithmetic skills in children with mouth breathing syndrome: analytical cross-sectional study

Implicações da respiração oral na função pulmonar e músculos respiratórios

Nasal patency and craniocervical posture in scholar children

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