Impact of the COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza and other respiratory viral infections in New Zealand

Huang, Q. Sue; Wood, Tim; Jelley, Lauren; Jennings, Tineke; Jefferies, Sarah; Daniells, Karen; Nesdale, Annette; Dowell, Tony; Turner, Nikki; Campbell-Stokes, Priscilla; Balm, Michelle; Dobinson, Hazel; Grant, Cameron; Shelley, James; Aminisani, Nayyereh; Ralston, Jacqui; Gunn, Wendy; Bocacao, Judy; Danielewicz, J; Moncrieff, Tessa; McNeill, Andrea; Lopez, Liza; Waite, Ben; Kiedrzynski, Tomasz; Schrader, Hannah; Gray, Rebekah; Cook, Kayla; Currin, Danielle; Engelbrecht, Chaune; Tapurau, Whitney; Emmerton, Leigh; Martin, Maxine; Baker, Michael G; Taylor, Susan; Trenholme, Adrian; Wong, Conroy; Lawrence, Shirley; McArthur, Colin; Stanley, Alicia; Roberts, Sally; Rahnama, Fahimeh; Bennett, Jenny; Mansell, Chris; Dilcher, Meik; Werno, Anja M.; Grant, Jennifer; Linden, Antje van der; Youngblood, Benjamin A.; Thomas, Paul G.; Webby, Richard J.

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21157-9

Cited by 334 publications

(391 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…3 ) Thus, it appears less likely that reluctance to seek healthcare during the pandemic was the primary cause for decreased notifications. Our findings align with observations made in other countries from both Southern and Northern Hemisphere countries regarding a premature end to the influenza season of 2019/20 [ [3] , [4] , [5] , 9 , 33 ]. Our virological surveillance study considers sentinel prevalence (percent positive tests among patients presenting with ARI to physicians’ offices) rather than absolute numbers, a parameter that is considerably less affected by medical care underutilization [34] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Trends in respiratory virus circulation following COVID-19-targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions in Germany, January - September 2020: Analysis of national surveillance data

Buda

Biere

et al. 2021

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

116

113

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Background During the initial COVID-19 response, Germany's Federal Government implemented several nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that were instrumental in suppressing early exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2. NPI effect on the transmission of other respiratory viruses has not been examined at the national level thus far. Methods Upper respiratory tract specimens from 3580 patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI), collected within the nationwide German ARI Sentinel, underwent RT-PCR diagnostics for multiple respiratory viruses. The observation period (weeks 1-38 of 2020) included the time before, during and after a far-reaching contact ban. Detection rates for different viruses were compared to 2017-2019 sentinel data (15350 samples; week 1-38, 11823 samples). Findings The March 2020 contact ban, which was followed by a mask mandate, was associated with an unprecedented and sustained decline of multiple respiratory viruses. Among these, rhinovirus was the single agent that resurged to levels equalling those of previous years. Rhinovirus rebound was first observed in children, after schools and daycares had reopened. By contrast, other nonenveloped viruses (i.e. gastroenteritis viruses reported at the national level) suppressed after the shutdown did not rebound. Interpretation Contact restrictions with a subsequent mask mandate in spring may substantially reduce respiratory virus circulation. This reduction appears sustained for most viruses, indicating that the activity of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the subsequent winter season might be low,whereas rhinovirus resurgence, potentially driven by transmission in educational institutions in a setting of waning population immunity, might signal predominance of rhinovirus-related ARIs. Funding Robert Koch-Institute and German Ministry of Health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our findings align with observations made in other countries from both Southern and Northern Hemisphere countries regarding a premature end to the influenza season of 2019/20 [ [3] , [4] , [5] , 9 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Trends in respiratory virus circulation following COVID-19-targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions in Germany, January - September 2020: Analysis of national surveillance data

Buda

Biere

et al. 2021

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

116

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…RAdV and RV/EV activity continued during 2020 and might be returning to prepandemic circulation patterns (6,7). Factors contributing to this distinct circulation are unclear but might include the relative importance of different transmission mechanisms, such as aerosol, droplet, or contact, the role of asymptomatic transmission, and prolonged survival of these § § § https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00443.asp nonenveloped viruses on surfaces, all of which might make these viruses less susceptible to nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as mask-wearing and surface cleaning (8,9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, 2020–2021

Olsen¹,

Winn²,

Budd³

et al. 2021

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

382

277

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“…As a consequence, the adopted interventions such as lockdown and social limitation contributed also to the reduction of other respiratory viral infections including influenza [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of clinical features and outcomes in COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia patients requiring intensive care unit admission

et al. 2021

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Background Little is known in distinguishing clinical features and outcomes between coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and influenza (FLU). Materials/methods Retrospective, single-centre study including patients with COVID-19 or FLU pneumonia admitted to the Intensive care Unit (ICU) of Policlinico Umberto I (Rome). Aims were: (1) to assess clinical features and differences of patients with COVID-19 and FLU, (2) to identify clinical and/or laboratory factors associated with FLU or COVID-19 and (3) to evaluate 30-day mortality, bacterial superinfections, thrombotic events and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with FLU versus COVID-19. Results Overall, 74 patients were included (19, 25.7%, FLU and 55, 74.3%, COVID-19), median age 67 years (58–76). COVID-19 patients were more male (p = 0.013), with a lower percentage of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.037, respectively) than FLU. SOFA score was higher (p = 0.020) and lymphocytes were significantly lower in FLU than in COVID-19 [395.5 vs 770.0 cells/mmc, p = 0.005]. At multivariable analysis, male sex (OR 6.1, p < 0.002), age > 65 years (OR 2.4, p = 0.024) and lymphocyte count > 725 cells/mmc at ICU admission (OR 5.1, p = 0.024) were significantly associated with COVID-19, whereas CKD and COPD were associated with FLU (OR 0.1 and OR 0.16, p = 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). No differences in mortality, bacterial superinfections and thrombotic events were observed, whereas IPA was mostly associated with FLU (31.5% vs 3.6%, p = 0.0029). Conclusions In critically ill patients, male sex, age > 65 years and lymphocytes > 725 cells/mmc are related to COVID-19. FLU is associated with a significantly higher risk of IPA than COVID-19.

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Impact of the COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza and other respiratory viral infections in New Zealand

Cited by 334 publications

References 24 publications

Trends in respiratory virus circulation following COVID-19-targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions in Germany, January - September 2020: Analysis of national surveillance data

Trends in respiratory virus circulation following COVID-19-targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions in Germany, January - September 2020: Analysis of national surveillance data

Changes in Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, 2020–2021

Comparison of clinical features and outcomes in COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia patients requiring intensive care unit admission

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