Impact of temperature on expansive behavior of concrete with a highly reactive andesite due to the alkali–silica reaction

Kawabata, Yuichiro; Dunant, Cyrille F.; Yamada, Kazuo; Scrivener, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105888

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For concrete mixes made with a given aggregate, increasing concrete alkali content (initial Lac) resulted in a little increase of alkali leaching. At a fixed concrete alkali content (Lac = 5.5 kg Na 2 Oeq/m 3 ), the highest percentage alkali release (10.4%) was recorded for the concrete mix made with the most expansive aggregate (aggregate A1) and this was ascribed to crack formation [27] and ASR gel exudation [18]. However, in virtue of the appropriate design of the test apparatus, in particular the low ratio between the net container volume, V nc , and the concrete prism volume, V c (V nc /V c = 2.3), the alkali leaching was always found to be very low (percentage Na 2 Oeq releases of 4.9-11%), as compared to alkali leaching (35-37% Na 2 Oeq releases) reported by Thomas et al [7] using the CSA A 23.2-14A test procedure [8] and by Lindgård et al [28] using the ASTM C1293 test procedure [9].…”

Section: Alkali Leachingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, published work [14][15][16][17][18] has shown that an increase in the test temperature from 38 to 60 • C leads to reduced expansion of concrete prisms. This reduction is ascribed to several factors including increased drying, reduced concentration of OH − ions in the pore solution of concrete related to both ettringite decomposition at 60 • C and increased alkali leaching, and higher exudative properties of ASR gels (related to lower viscosity at 60 • C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Alkali–Silica Reactivity of Aggregates by Concrete Expansion Tests in Alkaline Solutions at 38 °C

et al. 2020

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A new accelerated concrete prism expansion test at 38 °C (accelerated CPT) is proposed for assessing the alkali-reactivity of concrete aggregates. In this test, concrete prisms with a standardized mix composition and different alkali contents are immersed in alkaline solutions with compositions simulating the pore liquid of hardened concretes. The concrete prism expansion test at 38 °C and RH > 95% (traditional CPT) was taken as a reference test, in order to define the appropriate expansion limit criterion for the proposed accelerated CPT. Three natural aggregates of known field performance and different alkali–silica reactivity were tested. The compositions of alkaline solutions were designed by assuming total dissolution of cement alkalis and taking a ratio between the mass fractions of effective water consumed by cement hydration and of alkalis uptaken by cement hydrates equal to unity. This simplified approach was found in an acceptable agreement with literature empirical equations correlating pore solution alkalinity of hardened Portland cement mixes with total alkali content of cement. Elaboration of expansion data through both pass-fail and threshold alkali level (TAL)-evaluation approaches indicated that, for the accelerated CPT, an expansion limit criterion of 0.04% after 120 days of testing in alkaline solutions is appropriate to evaluate the aggregate alkali reactivity congruently with the traditional CPT. Use of the proposed test method in place of the traditional CPT would reduce the test duration from 365 to 120 days.

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Section: Alkali Leachingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Alkali–Silica Reactivity of Aggregates by Concrete Expansion Tests in Alkaline Solutions at 38 °C

et al. 2020

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“…Contrastingly, the volume ratio of ASR gel to concrete is less than a few percent; thus, it is not completely clear whether the stiffness development of ASR gel could account for the elastic modulus recovery in concrete affected by ASR. The viscosity change under accelerated ASR condition was observed by previous researchers (e.g., Kawabata et al 2019). As high alkali amount and high temperature were applied to accelerate ASR in experiments in Section 2, low viscosity may lead to easier flowing out of ASR gel from aggregate to cement paste.…”

Section: Relationship Between Elastic Modulus and Expansionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Time-dependent Effect of Expansion due to Alkali-silica Reaction on Mechanical properties of Concrete

Joo

Yang

et al. 2021

ACT

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This study investigates the time-dependent mechanical properties of concrete deteriorated by the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Previous analytical and experimental studies have indicated the positive impact of ASR gel in the cracks against mechanical damage in concrete. To study the effects of ASR gel on cracked concrete, groups of cylinder specimens with different expansion levels were prepared and tested at different material ages. The compression test results showed that the deteriorated elastic modulus of the specimens could be recovered over time. Mechanical property data from the other ASR studies were collected and assessed to observe similar trends across the literature. It was observed that the recovery of the elastic modulus also occurred in previously reported experiments. The recovery of the elastic modulus is assumed to be due to the time-dependent chemical and physical properties of ASR gel, which fills the cracks. Moreover, the data indicated that parameters other than material age and expansion could be attributed to the time-dependent mechanical properties of concrete affected by ASR.

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“…Despite the pros of the accelerated performance tests conducted at high temperatures, some shortcomings have been identified. As a matter of fact, the ultimate expansion can be lower at high temperatures [ 82 , 90 , 93 ]. Significant reductions in the ultimate expansion recorded from several accelerated tests are in Figure 4 .…”

Section: The Role Of Temperature In the Kinetics Of The Asrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali–Silica Reactions: Literature Review on the Influence of Moisture and Temperature and the Knowledge Gap

Olajide,

Nokken,

Sanchez

2023

Materials

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The alkali–silica reaction is a universally known destructive mechanism in concrete that can lead to the premature loss of serviceability in affected structures. Quite an enormous number of research studies have been carried out focusing on the mechanisms involved as well as the mitigation and prevention of the reaction. A few in-depth discussions on the role of moisture and temperature exist in the literature. Nevertheless, moisture and temperature have been confirmed to play a vital role in the reaction. However, critical assessments of their influence on ASR-induced damage are limited. The available moisture in concrete needed to initiate and sustain the reaction has been predominantly quantified with the relative humidity as a result of difficulties in the use of other media, like the degree of capillary saturation, which is more scientific. This paper discussed the current state of understanding of moisture measurement in concrete, the role of moisture and temperature in the kinetics of the reaction, as well as the moisture threshold needed for the reaction. Furthermore, the influence of these exposure conditions on the internal damage caused by ASR-induced deterioration was discussed.

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Impact of temperature on expansive behavior of concrete with a highly reactive andesite due to the alkali–silica reaction

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of Alkali–Silica Reactivity of Aggregates by Concrete Expansion Tests in Alkaline Solutions at 38 °C

Assessment of Alkali–Silica Reactivity of Aggregates by Concrete Expansion Tests in Alkaline Solutions at 38 °C

Time-dependent Effect of Expansion due to Alkali-silica Reaction on Mechanical properties of Concrete

Alkali–Silica Reactions: Literature Review on the Influence of Moisture and Temperature and the Knowledge Gap

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