Impact of syngas from biomass gasification on solid oxide fuel cells: A review study for the energy transition

A comprehensive review of primary strategies for tar removal in biomass gasification

“…In this case, the decontamination of the gas could be achieved with quite inexpensive equipment, which makes the solution viable and competitive. Its advantages include low investment, maintenance and operating costs, reliability, high operating efficiency, compact and [93] robust structure and simple operation and maintenance [85]. However, the engines are designed for gasoline and diesel, and consequently the injection systems require some modifications [27].…”

“…However, feeding tar containing product gas could result in significant deactivation from carbon deposition, which hinders the fuel transport, blocks active sites of anodes and, as a result, reduces the electrical efficiency and durability of the fuel cell [95]. Understanding the degradation mechanisms in the anode, identifying the optimal operation conditions and developing advanced SOFC materials, as well as regeneration methods and diagnosis tools, are essential for a stable, efficient and eco-friendly SOFC systems [93]. Thus, the tar limits are even more stringent than for gas turbines.…”

Materials Design for the Improvement of SiC Field Effect Gas Sensor performance in High Temperature Process Control applications

“…In addition to providing basic building blocks for further production of bio-derived chemicals (e.g., ethanol, acetic acid, formaldehyde), the as-produced gas from biomass gasification can enter quite a number of alternative routes, e.g., to generate clean H2 for use in ordinary Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) [184] or in ammonia production via the Haber-Bosch process [185], to act as reducing agent in the generation of sponge iron [186], and to provide the fuel to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) [187], gas turbines, and gas burners for large-scale power production and generation of heat to industrial processes [188]. Finally, the biomass can of course also be directly combusted, without prior gasification, for the co-production of heat and power.…”

“…As each of these applications and processes have their own minimum requirements on syngas composition [187,189], including any impurities, continuous monitoring of the syngas H2, CO, CO2, CH4, light hydrocarbon, tar, H2S, NH3, etc., concentrations is required to control the overall process such that the biomass raw material composition, process conditions, primary gas composition, impurity reduction/ removal, and gas upgrading measures are matched to optimize the product outcome, from both economic and resource utilization aspects, and in relation to the raw material composition/ quality (e.g., taking into account the energy, and other, costs related to cleaning of the produced syngas to the required level for further utilization/ processing into different products). Additionally, ensuring both efficient use of the biomass resources and good end product quality requires any residues remaining after the completion of the process(es) to be minimized.…”

Effects of low-grade gas composition on the energy/exergy performance of a polygeneration system (CH 2 HP) based on biomass gasification and ICE

“…A boost in this direction is also provided by the increasingly stringent regulations in terms of consumption and emissions. In fact, through the "Green Deal" agreement, the European Union is committed to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and, in particular, by 2050, 60% of the global energy demand and 80% of the electricity needs must be guaranteed through renewable sources [1].…”